三孩政策下生育质量研究  

Research on Fertility Quality under the Three-Child Policy

作　　者：石智雷[1] 滕聪波 SHI Zhilei;TENG Congbo(Population and Health Research Center,Zhongnan University of Economic and Law,Wuhan Hubei,430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学人口与健康研究中心,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《人口学刊》2023年第5期1-16,共16页Population Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目:流动人口二代成年后面临的问题研究(22&ZD196);2023年项目制——学科建设统筹项目:环境与健康交叉学科研究(31712211002)。

摘　　要：生育质量是人口高质量发展的起点和基础。本文基于国内首个出生队列追踪调查——武汉出生队列追踪调查(WBCS)数据,以生命早期1000天理论为基础,从孩子出生时和成长发育过程中的生理性和功能性两个方面构建生育质量指标体系;运用投影寻踪模型测度3049个同一年份出生婴幼儿的生育质量指数,重点从养育模式、父母特征、家庭环境和社区环境四个维度分析其影响因素。数据结果显示:城市家庭生育质量大多处于中等水平,但分化较为明显。城市家庭一孩、二孩的生育质量相差较小,随着孩次由二孩向更高孩次增加,生育质量明显降低。随着母亲年龄的增加,生育质量呈下降趋势,且这一趋势在母亲35岁以后更加明显。母亲受教育水平从初中及以下提升至高中/中专/技校对生育质量的边际效应更大。回归结果显示:城市家庭生育质量与养育模式、父母特征、家庭环境和社区环境密切相关。随着婴幼儿成长发育环境向外的不断扩展,养育模式、父母特征、家庭环境和社区环境对生育质量的影响逐渐减弱。进一步研究发现父母特征是影响婴幼儿生理性方面的重要因素,养育模式对功能性方面的影响贡献最高。Fertility quality is the starting point and basis for high-quality population development.This study builds a fertility quality index system from two aspects:physiological and functional characteristics of children at birth and during growth and development.Based on the theory of the first 1000 days of life in early life,it is based on the data of the first birth cohort tracking survey in China-Wuhan Birth Cohort Studies(WBCS).The fertility quality index of 3049 infants born in the same year was measured by the projection pursuit model,and its influencing factors were analyzed from four dimensions:parenting mode,parental characteristics,family environment and community environment.The results show that the fertility quality of urban families is mostly in the middle level,but the differentiation is obvious.The fertility quality of urban families with one child and two children has little difference,and with the increase of the number of children from two children to higher children,the fertility quality has decreased significantly.With the increase of the age of parents,the fertility quality decreased,and this trend was more obvious after the age of 35.The regression results show that the fertility quality of urban families is closely related to parenting mode,parental characteristics,family and community environment.Further research shows that parental characteristics are important factors affecting the development of infants’physiological characteristics,and the parenting model has the highest impact on the development of functional characteristics.

关 键 词：三孩政策 生育 生育质量 养育模式 家庭 

分 类 号：C924.24[社会学—人口学]