网络基础设施建设与城市就业:传导路径与结构变化  

Network Infrastructure Construction and Urban Employment:Transmission Path and Structural Change

作　　者：张慧智[1] 孙茹峰 ZHANG Huizhi;SUN Rufeng(Northeast Asia Research Center,Jilin University,Changchun Jilin,130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究中心,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《人口学刊》2023年第5期97-112,共16页Population Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目:东北亚国际与地区重大问题跟踪及应对研究(22JJD810035)。

摘　　要：网络基础设施作为数字经济发展的重要基础,其建设将对经济体系的诸多领域产生影响。通过以“宽带中国”战略作为准实验,在探析政策对城市就业影响的基础上,基于2010-2020年中国284个地级及以上城市数据,运用多期双重差分模型(DID)、倾向得分匹配双重差分模型(PSM-DID)、事件研究法等评估该政策对城市就业的影响及传导路径。研究发现:“宽带中国”试点政策显著提高了城市就业水平,相较于非试点城市,政策推行使城市就业水平平均提升3.55%,该结论经过平行趋势、时间安慰剂、异常值敏感、剔除直辖市、倾向得分匹配以及政策排他性检验后依旧成立。“宽带中国”示范城市建设可以通过缓解劳动力配置扭曲与提升城市创业活跃度作用于城市就业水平,缓解劳动力配置扭曲的促就业效应大于城市创业活跃度的效应。同时,“宽带中国”试点政策在不同地理区位、传统基础设施建设、城市规模以及互联网普及程度间存在差异性。“宽带中国”试点政策可以推动就业人口由低技术技能向高技术技能、第一、第二产业向第三产业的流动,促进城市就业结构高级化转型。该结论明确了城市网络基础设施建设的就业效应,为我国在建设“网络强国”中稳定居民就业提供有益启示。结合研究结论,建议未来应充分发挥网络基础设施建设在城市就业过程中缓解劳动力配置扭曲与提升城市就业活跃度的功能,积极推进智能化基础设施建设和城市互联网普及进程,进一步释放网络基础设施建设的就业赋能效果。As an important foundation for the development of the digital economy,the construction of net⁃work infrastructure will have an impact on many areas of the economic system.Taking the“Broadband China”strategy as a quasi-natural experiment,based on the data of 284 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2010 to 2020,the impact of the policy on urban employment was evaluated by using multi period double difference model(DID),propensity score matching double difference model(PSM-DID),event research method,placebo and test method.It is found that the“Broadband China”pilot policy has significantly improved the employment level of cities overall,and compared with the non-pilot cities,the implementation of the policy has increased the urban employment level by an average of 3.55%,which is still true after parallel trend,time placebo,outlier sensitivity,exclusion of municipalities,replacement of core explanatory variables,propensity score matching,policy exclusivity,and instrumental variable method testing.The construction of“Broadband China”demonstration cities can affect the urban employment level by alleviating the distortion of labor allocation and improving the activity of urban entrepreneurship,and the employment promotion effect of alleviating the distortion of labor allocation is greater than the effect of urban entrepreneurial activity.At the same time,the“Broadband China”pilot policy varies between differ⁃ent geographical locations,traditional infrastructure construction,city scale and Internet penetration.Fur⁃ther analysis shows that the“Broadband China”pilot policy can realize the flow of the employed population from low-tech skills to high-tech skills,and the primary and secondary industries to the tertiary industry,and promote the advanced transformation of urban employment structure.This conclusion clarifies the employment effect of urban network infrastructure construction,and provides useful enlightenment for sta⁃bilizing the employment of residents in the construction o

关 键 词：网络基础设施建设“ 宽带中国”战略 就业 劳动力配置扭曲 创业活跃度 

分 类 号：F240[经济管理—劳动经济]