古代建筑尺度控制的“模数化”程度和优先择用方法探讨——以元明苏式建筑尺度规律为例  

Discussion on the Degree of“Modularization”of the Scale Control of Ancient Architecture and the Priority Selection:Taking the Scale Law of Yuan and Ming Architecture of Suzhou Style as an Example

作　　者：李浈[1] 颜炳亮 LI Zhen;YAN Bingliang

机构地区：[1]同济大学建筑与城市规划学院

出　　处：《建筑师》2023年第5期104-114,共11页The Architect

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目:度制和匠习影响下我国官式与乡土建筑营造技艺的系统关联性研究(编号52278040)。

摘　　要：以元明苏州地区的建筑遗存东山轩辕宫正殿和嘉定孔庙大成殿等为例,从建筑规模、梁枋和斗栱用材三个层面分析其尺度规律。在建筑规模上,水平和竖向尺度分别遵循“整数尺”和“减尺定侧”的方式;在梁枋用材上,构件高度多以“1/4尺”作为递变值,营造尺使用惯习遵循“对分制”原则,而构件厚度多以“寸”计,为“整倍制”的用尺方法;在斗栱用材上,构件尺寸的精度则多为“寸”或“半寸”。殿身整体尺度规律呈现出一种以不同精度营造尺切分规则配合不同程度设计与加工过程的尺度分级控制方式。本文旨在具体案例中对“变通用尺”方法的讨论,来揭示不同于官式的地域建筑尺度作法,进而补充对传统建筑“模数化”程度的认知。Taking the main hall of Xuanyuan palace in Dongshan and Dacheng Hall of Confucius Temple in Jiading as examples,this paper analyzes the scale rules from three aspects:building scale,beams and bracket sets.In terms of building scale,it is reflected in the use of‘integral ruler’and‘decrease in ruler unit for section design’;In the beams scale design,the component height is mostly‘1/4’as the decreasing value,which belongs to the‘bisection design’,while the component thickness is mostly‘cun’,which belongs to‘integral multiple design’;For bracket sets,the component size is usually“cun”or“half inch”.The scale rules of the building are controlled by a hierarchical control mode with different precision of construction ruler in different degrees of design and processing process.This article aims to provide a discussion on the‘alternative scale’method in specific cases,in order to suggest the regional architectural scale design method that different from official,and supplement the understanding of the degree of‘modularization’of traditional architecture.

关 键 词：地域建筑 尺度规律 模数制 变通择用 

分 类 号：TU092[建筑科学]