炒炭炮制对干姜质量控制、化学成分和药理作用的影响  

Effects of carbonization processing on quality control,chemical compositions,and pharmacological mechanism of Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)

作　　者：周逸群[1,2,3] 吴萍 唐宇[1,2] 刘文龙[1,2] 石继连 贺福元[1,2] ZHOU Yiqun;WU Ping;TANG Yu;LIU Wenlong;SHI Jilian;HE Fuyuan(School of Pharmacy,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha,Hunan 410208,China;Hunan Key Laboratory of Druggability and Preparation Modification for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Changsha,Hunan 410208,China;Processing Technology Inheritance Base for Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hunan University of Chinese Medicine,Changsha,Hunan 410208,China;Department of Pharmacy,The First People’s Hospital of Changde,Changde,Hunan 415003,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南中医药大学药学院,中国湖南长沙410208 [2]中药成药性与制剂制备湖南省重点实验室,中国湖南长沙410208 [3]湖南中医药大学中药炮制技术继承基地,中国湖南长沙410208 [4]常德市第一人民医院药剂科,中国湖南常德415003

出　　处：《Digital Chinese Medicine》2023年第3期341-356,共16页数字中医药（英文）

基　　金：National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803729);Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(B2023136);Natural Science Foundation of Changsha City(kq2208194)。

摘　　要：干姜和姜炭作为中药被广泛用于治疗各种疾病,悠久历史。两者均来源于姜科植物的根茎,由于干燥和炮制加工程度的不同,其中药药性、化学成分、药理活性和临床应用均有所不同。本文从中国知网(CNKI)、PubMed、Web of Science和Google Scholar数据库收集了干姜炒炭前后的信息,通过系统地回顾有关姜炭的民族药理学、质量控制、化学成分、生物活性和临床应用的文献,总结讨论了干姜和姜炭的区别。在化学成分分析中,我们从干姜和姜炭中共分离鉴定出56种化学成分,主要是挥发油、姜辣素和二苯庚烷;在药理作用中,姜炭主要表现出止血、抗氧化、镇痛、抗菌和抗癌等一系列生物活性;在临床应用中,干姜辛热,被认为是一种补阳药,通常用于治疗寒冷或潮湿天气引发的疾病,姜炭是一种由干姜在高温下炮制加工的产品,其辛热之性减弱,因此药效变温和,以其止血和温脾止泻作用而闻名。目前对姜炭止血的药理机制的研究主要是探讨姜炭对凝血系统和纤溶系统的影响。尽管姜炭的疗效早已得到认可,且饮片成分的变化和颜色的变化之间存在一定的相关性,但仍然缺乏相对清晰的炮制机理指导下的反映炭药止血功效成分的特征性和专属性质量标准。本文综述了姜炭的质量控制、化学成分、民族药理学和药理作用机制,也为其他炭药的进一步研究提供了新的见解,促进其临床的安全应用。Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma,ZR)and Jiangtan(Carbonized Zingiberis Rhizoma,CZR)have long been used in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)with a rich history in the treatment of various ailments.While ZR and CZR obviously stem from the same botanical source,their attributes,chemical compositions,pharmacological behaviors,and clinical applications are different owing to variations in the extent of drying and processing they undergo.In this paper,data pertaining to ZR and CZR were retrieved from databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),PubMed,Web of Science,and Google Scholar.These sources were scrutinized to elucidate the distinctions between ZR and CZR arising from carbonization processing in terms of their ethnopharmacology,quality control,chemical compositions,biological activities,pharmacological mechanisms,and clinical uses.In this study,a total of 56 chemical constituents were identified and isolated from ZR and CZR,which primarily encompassed volatile oils,gingerols,and diphenylheptane compounds.CZR's pharmacological effects include hemostatic,anti-oxidant,analgesic,antibacterial,anti-cancer,and other biological activities.ZR has pungent and warm properties.It is a Yang-supplementing herbal medicine for ailments exacerbated by cold or damp climatic influences.CZR is a product of ZR after undergoing high temperature,with diminished intensity of its pungent and warm attributes.This change leads to a more gradual treatment efficacy,renowned hemostatic effects and its ability to gently invigorate the spleen and effectively alleviate diarrhea.Currently,research on the pharmacological mechanism of CZR is mainly focused on the effects of CZR on coagulation and fibrinolysis.Although the healing effect of CZR has long been known,and some correlation has been found between the changing composition and the changing color of the decoctions,people still lack relatively clear processing mechanisms to reflect the characteristics and specific quality standards of the ingredients of CZR's hemostatic eff

关 键 词：干姜 炮制 炒炭 化学成分 质量控制 止血活性 

分 类 号：R283.1[医药卫生—中药学]