以府辖卫:明代军民府的制度嬗变  

Garrison Controlled by Government: Evolution of Military-Civilian Government System in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：马楚婕 Ma Chujie(Center for Historical Geographical Studies,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学历史地理研究中心,上海200433

出　　处：《历史地理研究》2023年第3期31-41,155,156,共13页The Chinese Historical Geography

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“清代西南地区土司地理考释及地图编绘”(19AZS017)。

摘　　要：元明清时期,朝廷曾以军民府制度对边疆民族地区进行管控。军民府广设于西南边地,实行军民共管的治理模式,时间跨越五百余年。明代是军民府制发展的重要时期,在沿袭元制基础上结合边地实际进行调整。至明中晚期,新设永昌、黎平、遵义、平越、贵阳、安顺六个军民府,以流官掌府事,上承兵备道,下辖卫所,一改此前以土官掌土民和府卫之间不相统属的治理传统。军民府制度在明代的变化是卫所、兵备道、土司等多重因素影响的结果,维护了西南边地的军政秩序,亦塑造了全新的政治格局。The military-civilian government system was a key strategy employed by the central government to manage the ethnic frontiers during the Yuan,Ming,and Qing dynasties.The system was particularly prevalent in the southwest,where it was implemented for over half a millennium.The Ming Dynasty saw the system mature and adapt to the realities of the border areas,building on the foundation laid by the Yuan Dynasty.During the mid to late period of Ming Dynasty,six new military-civilian governments named Yongchang,Liping,Zunyi,Pingyue,Guiyang,and Anshun were established.These governments disrupted the tradition that local officials manage the local people and transformed the relationship between the government and the frontier guards.The evolution of the military-civilian government system in Ming Dynasty was shaped by various stakeholders,including the frontier guards,the Bingbei Dao(regional military command),and the chieftain.These factors contributed to the maintenance of military and political order in southwestern China and ultimately contributed to the creation of a new politico-geographical pattern.

关 键 词：明代 军民府 卫所 土司 疆土管理 

分 类 号：K928[历史地理—人文地理学]