不同杀虫剂对锡兰玻壳蚧的室内毒力及田间防效  

Toxicity and field control efficacy of different insecticides against Drepanococcus chiton

作　　者：蒋华 黄佳聪 杨晓霞 罗存贞 李归林 JIANG Hua;HUANG Jiacong;YANG Xiaoxia;LUO Cunzhen;LI Guilin(Forestry and Grassland Technique Promotion Station of Baoshan City,Baoshan,Yunnan 678000,China)

机构地区：[1]保山市林业和草原技术推广站,云南保山678000

出　　处：《生物安全学报》2023年第4期356-361,共6页Journal of biosafety

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项计划(202302AE090023);云南省职工创新基金(2015-30);保山市科技计划项目(2022ZC23)。

摘　　要：【目的】锡兰玻壳蚧是我国余甘子上新发现的重要害虫,对农业生产及生态安全构成严重威胁。本研究旨在筛选出高效理想的防治药剂,为生产中科学用药提供依据。【方法】采用浸渍法测定8种杀虫剂对锡兰玻壳蚧的室内毒力,采用喷雾法评价5种毒力较好药剂的田间防效。【结果】室内毒力测定结果表明:毒死蜱、啶虫脒、吡虫啉、阿维菌素、甲维盐对1、2龄若虫的毒力较强,48 h致死中浓度(LC 50)分别为11.1245、26.2376 mg·L^(-1),17.5381、26.1910 mg·L^(-1),27.5896、34.2868 mg·L^(-1),26.5876、38.8034 mg·L^(-1),29.0528、43.0443 mg·L^(-1);毒死蜱和阿维菌素对3龄若虫、雌成虫的毒力较强,48 hLC 50分别为87.3427、495.8339 mg·L^(-1),95.4751、1131.6430 mg·L^(-1);螺虫乙酯、吡丙醚和高效氯氟氰菊酯对各虫期的毒力均较弱;吡虫啉、阿维菌素、啶虫脒、甲维盐对各龄若虫的毒力比差异较小,毒死蜱的毒力比差异较大,但后者对各龄若虫的毒力均较强。田间防效结果表明:毒死蜱和阿维菌素对田间种群增长抑制效果最好,药后7 d防效分别为96.90%、92.00%;吡虫啉、甲维盐和啶虫脒对低龄若虫种群速杀效果较好,药后7 d防效分别为78.06%、67.62%、62.78%。【结论】锡兰玻壳蚧的化学防治应于1~2龄若虫期进行,推荐阿维菌素、毒死蜱、吡虫啉、甲维盐和啶虫脒轮换使用;3龄雌若虫及雌成虫盛发期推荐使用毒死蜱和阿维菌素防治。【Aim】Drepanococcus chiton,a newly discovered pest affecting Phyllanthus emblica in China,poses a significant threat to both agricultural production and ecological security.This study aims to identify effective pesticides for controlling D.chiton and guides practitioners in their rational application.【Method】We conducted indoor toxicity tests on eight insecticides using the immersion method.Subsequently,we evaluated the field control efficacy of five insecticides displaying high toxicity using the spray method.【Result】In the indoor toxicity tests,chlorpyrifos,acetamiprid,imidacloprid,avermectin,and emamectin benzoate exhibited strong toxicity to first-and second-instar nymphs.Their respective lethal concentrations(LC 50)within 48 h were 11.1245 and 26.2376 mg·L^(-1),17.5381 and 26.1910 mg·L^(-1),27.5896 and 34.2868 mg·L^(-1),26.5876 and 38.8034 mg·L^(-1),29.0528 and 43.0443 mg·L^(-1).Chlorpyrifos and avermectin displayed higher toxicity to the third-instar nymphs and female adults,with LC 50 values of 87.3427 and 495.8339 mg·L^(-1),95.4751 and 1131.6430 mg·L^(-1)respectively.In contrast,spirotetramate,pyriproxyfen,and lambda-cyhalothrin exhibited lower toxicity to insects of all developmental stages.Among the insecticides,chlorpyrifos demonstrated high virulence in nymphs of all ages.In the field control test,chlorpyrifos and avermectin proved highly effective in inhibiting the growth of D.chiton populations,with control success rates of 96.90%and 92.00%,respectively,seven days after treatment.Imidacloprid,emamectin benzoate,and acetamiprid effectively killed young nymph populations,achieving success rates of 78.06%,67.62%,and 62.78%,respectively,seven days after treatment.【Conclusion】Effective chemical control of D.chiton should target the 1-2 instar nymph stage using avermectin,chlorpyrifos,imidacloprid,emamectin benzoate and acetamiprid alternately.Chlorpyrifos and avermectin are recommended when the third-instar female nymphs and female adults are observed at a high frequency.Additionall

关 键 词：锡兰玻壳蚧 杀虫剂 室内毒力 田间防效 余甘子 

分 类 号：S435.671[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]