钙镁型秸秆生物炭肥缓释性能及其对玉米生长的影响  

Effects of Ca/Mg-enriched biochar fertilizer on slow-release performance and maize growth

作　　者：陈明明 刘伟伟[3] 梅春歌 李晓玉[1,2] 罗伟晨 钱陵 程备久[1,2] 马欢[1,2] CHEN Mingming;LIU Weiwei;MEI Chunge;LI Xiaoyu;LUO Weichen;QIAN Ling;CHENG Beijiu;MA Huan(School of Life Sciences,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,230036,China;National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,230036,China;School of Engineering,Anhui Agricultural University,Hefei,230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学生命科学学院,合肥230036 [2]安徽农业大学作物抗逆育种国家工程实验室,合肥230036 [3]安徽农业大学工学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第16期62-70,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：安徽省高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2019A0180);安徽省重点研究与开发计划项目(202204c06020021);国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20235)。

摘　　要：化肥的一次施用量过大造成面源污染,给生态环境带来了诸多负面影响,功能化生物炭是构建化肥缓释的重要材料,是生物炭基缓释肥开发的一条途径。该研究以玉米秸秆为炭原料,鸡蛋壳为钙原料,基于热解转化技术耦合氮磷的同步富集制备钙镁型秸秆生物炭肥(Ca/Mg-BCF)。通过温度和pH值对Ca/Mg-BCF缓释性能的影响试验、缓释动力学和淋溶模拟试验等,研究了Ca/Mg-BCF的缓释性能;结合表征技术,初步揭示其缓释氮磷的机理;利用盆栽试验考察了该炭肥与传统化肥对玉米生长影响。结果表明:Ca/Mg-BCF对N和P的缓释作用明显优于化肥(CF),Ca/Mg-BCF对N和P的释放率(5.90%和8.68%)在缓释48 h后,分别比CF降低了88.10个百分点和74.22个百分点;淋溶试验证明,Ca/Mg-BCF对N和P的累积释放率呈现缓慢增长的趋势;Ca/Mg-BCF对养分的释放受温度(10~40℃)的影响较小,其对N和P的释放分别在pH值为1~7和3~10之间较为平稳。Ca/Mg-BCF对N和P的缓释性能,主要受多种作用协同控制,包括鸟粪石等晶体的溶解速率、磷酸根的再沉淀、静电吸引以及生物炭的限域效应等。此外,Ca/Mg-BCF对玉米生长具有显著的促进作用,效果优于施用等量的化肥,是一种有应用前景的缓释肥。Chemical fertilizer(CF)has been widely applied to promote agricultural production in recent years.However,the high solubility of nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)in the traditional CF can reduce the nutrient absorption rate of crops,leading to serious environmental issues.Therefore,an alternative fertilizer is required to recover the N and P organic matter from water,in order to promote the sustainable development of agricultural production.Fortunately,biochar can serve as one type of potential cost-effective adsorbent to reclaim the nutrients(e.g.,phosphate and ammonium)from wastewater.A win-win strategy can be expected to develop a biochar-based fertilizer for the remediation of wastewater.In this work,the agricultural wastes(such as corn straw and eggshell)were employed to prepare the Ca/Mg-enriched biochar fertilizer(Ca/Mg-BCF)via magnesium salt impregnation,pyrolysis transformation process,and high-efficiency reclaiming of N-and P-containing nutrients from biogas effluent.Then,a series of leaching experiments and kinetics analysis were performed to explore the N and P slow-release behavior of Ca/Mg-BCF.Meanwhile,a systematic investigation was implemented to clarify the effects of environmental factors(pH and temperature)on the N and P slow-release performance.The physical and chemical properties of Ca/Mg-BCF before and after nutrient release were also characterized with X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscope(SEM)equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX).In addition,a comparison was made to determine the effects of Ca/Mg-BCF on the seed germination and early-stage seedling growth of corn.The results demonstrated that the final accumulative release ratios of N and P from the Ca/Mg-BCF at 48 h were 88.10 and 74.22 percentage points lower than those of CF,respectively.The leaching experiment indicated that the Ca/Mg-BCF exhibited excellent slow-release performances of the total P and N with sustainable release rates.Moreover,there was no significant effect on the nutrient release from

关 键 词：化肥 功能化生物炭 缓释肥 缓释性能 玉米 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]