丝尼、拓跋、契丹、恰衣纳:中国他称形式的历时演变与空间分布(上)  

Čīn,Tabjač,Catai,China:Chronological Evolution and Spatial Distribution of Foreign Names for China(Chapter One)

作　　者：李葆嘉 LI Baojia(Center for Russian Language,Literature,and Culture Studies,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150006;Center for Chinese Literature and History of the Borderlands,Yili Normal University,Yining,Xinjiang 835000)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学俄罗斯语言文学与文化研究中心,哈尔滨150006 [2]伊犁师范大学边疆中华文史研究中心,新疆伊宁835000

出　　处：《文化艺术研究》2023年第5期1-22,112,共23页Studies in Culture and Art

摘　　要：回溯中国历史,有华夏、赤县神州、中华、中域、中土等各种以族群或地域为主体的自称,却没有一个从古至今、历朝历代都沿用的正式国名。与此同时,其他国家(地区)或民族对“历史中国”的称呼也经历了种种变化。就中亚、西亚、西欧、西南亚及突厥、蒙古等对历史中国的称号展开辨析汇考,可以发现:约公元前6世纪到6世纪,波斯、希腊、罗马、印度等称中国为Čīn(丝尼)、Čâini(赛尼)、Sêrica(赛里卡)、Cīna(止那)等,始源于极具特色的中国商品丝绸(丝,上古汉语*sīr/ser),其中Cīna与中国古代王朝“秦”(*Zin)无涉。以中国他称为关注点,基于中外前贤时修研究,可进一步厘清这些地区或民族对“历史中国”的认知如何发生和发展的总体线索。In Chinese history,the Chinese people had called their country Huaxia,Chixian Shenzhou,Zhonghua,Zhongyu,Zhongtu,and more,based on ethnicity or geography,yet there wasn't a constant,official name throughout the dynasties.Meanwhile,the historical names for China called by other countries,regions,and ethnic groups had undergone changes.This article examines those names from Central Asian,Western Asian,Western European,Southwest Asian,Turkic and Mongolian countries.From 600 B.C.to the sixth century,countries like Persia,Greece,Rome,and India called ChinaČīn,Čâini,Sêrica,and Cīna,names originated from the unique Chinese product—silk(sīr/ser in ancient Chinese).This article aims to provide further insights into the emergence and development of these historical names for China in various regions and among different peoples,drawing on research by both Chinese and foreign scholars.

关 键 词：中国 他称 丝绸 丝尼 止那 

分 类 号：G07[文化科学]