笑的科学研究对舞台表演的启示  

The Science of Laughter and Its Inspiration for Stage Performance

作　　者：何辉斌[1] HE Huibin(School of Foreign Languages,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学外国语学院,杭州310058

出　　处：《文化艺术研究》2023年第5期73-83,115,共12页Studies in Culture and Art

摘　　要：笑可分为三种:快乐之笑,幽默之笑,社交之笑。快乐之笑很少出现,它的外在标志是眼轮匝肌的运动,其驱动力只能是来自内心的高兴,所以最难表演。幽默之笑是不和谐造成的笑,比较容易人为创造,其神经机制和面部肌肉运动与快乐之笑类似;幽默之笑是喜剧之笑的主体,只要演员把幽默体会到位就能自然地笑出来。社交之笑不需调动眼轮匝肌,属于交际的一个环节,与高兴无关,表演起来几乎没有难度。在现实中,说笑的人地位高,往往是男性;听者地位低,女性偏多,经常“自贬”,显得木讷,是笑的靶子。在剧场中,演员虽然是说话者,却是笑的对象,所以往往“自贬”,显得木讷,而观众却颇有优越感。Laughter can be categorized into three types:laughter of joy,social laughter,and humorous laughter.Laughter of joy is rare and characterized by the movement of the orbicularis oculi muscle,driven by true happiness,making it the difficult to perform.Humorous laughter arises from the sense of disharmony and can be artificial,sharing neural mechanisms and facial muscle movements similar to laughter of joy.Humorous laughter is the essence of comedic laughter,and as long as actors can grasp humor naturally,they can perform humorous laughter.Social laughter does not require activation of the orbicularis oculi muscle and is a component of communication,unrelated to happiness,posing little difficulty in performance.In reality,those who make jokes often hold higher social status,while those who listen tend to"self-deprecate"and appear awkward,becoming“targets of laughter”.In the theater,although actors are the speakers,they become the targets of laughter,leading them to"self-deprecate"and appear awkward,while the audience experiences a sense of superiority.

关 键 词：笑 神经机制 面部肌肉 发声 性别 社会地位 

分 类 号：J812.2[艺术—戏剧戏曲]