基于多尺度制动试验的制动噪声特性及仿真分析方法  

Braking noise characteristics and a simulation analysis method based on a multiscale braking test

作　　者：杨智勇[1] 王子鸣 叶珊珊 李志强[1] 李卫京[1] YANG Zhiyong;WANG Ziming;YE Shanshan;LI Zhiqiang;LI Weijing(School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《清华大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第10期1626-1639,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Science and Technology)

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项(重点项目)资金项目(2020JBZ113)。

摘　　要：为阐明SiCp/A356复合材料制动盘与合成闸片摩擦副在制动过程中出现异常噪声的原因,通过多尺度台架制动试验的噪声测试与复特征值分析的仿真方法,研究了不同摩擦副制动噪声的特征及产生机理。结果表明:同等工况下2种SiCp/A356复合材料摩擦副的声压级(sound pressure level,SPL)均低于蠕墨铸铁摩擦副;SiCp/A356复合材料制动盘与合成闸片摩擦副啸叫噪声的主频集中在2.20 kHz附近,最高SPL可达110 dB;不同摩擦副的摩擦面具有不同程度的表面划伤、材料转移和剥离现象,从而导致制动噪声出现差异性;摩擦面的温升越高,越容易破坏摩擦面状态,进而诱发制动啸叫;制动能量输入越大,高温连续制动的次数越多,啸叫SPL越大,啸叫越严重。复特征值分析能预测制动噪声出现的倾向性,闸片是产生制动噪声的主要因素,摩擦面制动温升及其表面状态是制动噪声的主要影响因素。[Objective]Currently,iron or steel brake disks generally be selected to research braking noise.This research focuses mainly on the influence of the structural characteristics of the brake pads and brake disks on the braking noise,and few studies addresse how braking conditions or braking modes affect the noise characteristics.To clarify the causes of the abnormal noise in the braking process of different friction pairs,through a noise test of the multiscale bench braking test and the simulation method of complex eigenvalue analysis,this paper studys the braking noise characteristics and the generating mechanism of different friction pairs under different braking conditions and braking modes.[Methods]According to the scaled test scheme,a scaled test of three types of friction pairs is performed on the MM-1000/IV scaled test machine,and the braking noise characteristics of the friction pairs are compared and analyzed.For the selected friction pair of the SiCp/A356 composite brake disk and synthetic pad,a more realistic 1∶1 bench brake test is performed.On the basis of HyperMesh and Abaqus software,a finite element simulation model of the wheel-mounted disk foundation braking device with a wheel,disks,pads,pad holders,brake levers,etc.is constructed.[Results]Under the same working conditions,the sound pressure levels(SPL)of the two SiCp/A356 composite friction pairs were lower than those of FE-928W friction pair.The maximum value of maximum sound pressure level(Max SPL)was 96 dB for the FE-928W friction pair and 87 dB for the BJTU-928W friction pair.The braking noise type of the FE-928W friction pair was mainly a multifrequency squeal,and the braking squealing phenomenon occured in most working conditions.The noise types of the BJTU-928W friction pair and the KNORR-928W friction pair were mainly wide area noise and single frequency squeal.The friction surfaces of different friction pairs had different degrees of surface scratching,material transfer,and peeling,which led to differences in the braking noise.The main

关 键 词：SiCp/A356复合材料制动盘 制动噪声 缩比试验 台架试验 复特征值分析 

分 类 号：TB123[理学—工程力学]