中国高校专利产权制度演化的内在逻辑与制度重构  

The Internal Logic and System Reconstruction of the Evolution of University Patent System in China

作　　者：张军荣[1] 杨思捷 周璐 Zhang Junrong;Yang Sijie;Zhou Lu(Law School of South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan 430074,China;Intellectual Property School of East China University of Political Science and Law,Shanghai 201620,China)

机构地区：[1]中南民族大学法学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]华东政法大学知识产权学院,上海201620

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2023年第21期99-107,共9页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72004238,71904163);中南民族大学教研项目(JYZD22001)。

摘　　要：高校专利产权制度承载着促进国家科技进步和技术商业化运用的双重目标。通过文本分析和历史分析,考察我国高校专利产权制度演化进程,发现近几十年高校技术商业化的目标和底层逻辑诱发了高校专利产权制度变革,专利产权重心不断向发明人倾斜,但由于上述目标之间天然存在冲突,过于重视专利商业化目标导致高校专利制度定位不明、激励“异化”、绩效不佳,逐步陷入改革困境。在此基础上,运用机制设计理论,提出高校科技进步和技术商业化双重目标下的激励措施与专利产权制度改革方案。Colleges and universities in China have been criticized for the long-term sluggishness of patent utilization.It is an important task of China's ST legislation reform to improve the patent performance of colleges and universities through the reform of patent ownership system.So far China has carried out a series of reforms to the patent ownership system of colleges and universities following the legislation of the US Bayh-Dole Act.However it has not improved the patent performance of colleges and universities as expected.Addressing the above issue,this paper aims to explore the reasons for the poor performance of patents in Chinese colleges and universities according to the types of university technology RD output by tracing the evolution process of China's colleges and universities patent ownership system and analyzing the underlying logic of the institutional evolution.Through the historical analysis of patent ownership system of Chinese colleges and universities,it is found that the evolution of patent ownership system has inherited the property mechanism following the market logic.Ownership has undergone evolution and reforms from state-owned to contractual ownership,then to private ownership of colleges and universities,finally steadily inclined to inventors and designers.The process of right disposition has undergone a change from prior strong supervision of state-owned assets to post-event supervision.Although the reform of the patent ownership system in colleges and universities in China can largely avoid the "tragedy of the commons",it ignores the output types of technological RD in colleges and universities.There might be deviations in system positioning if patent commercialization rules are used to uniformly regulate all patent output of colleges and universities.Since university patents are mostly basic patents that are not readily suitable for commercialization,the current system places too much emphasis on the goal of patent commercialization.Although it can have a strong incentive effect on inventor

关 键 词：专利商业化 专利产权制度 基础研究 交易成本 公共福利 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]