论壮侗语族处置句标记的语法化路径与类型学特征  

Ba Clauses in the Zhuang-Dong Language Family:Marked Grammaticalization Paths and Typological Features

作　　者：张成[1,2] 史东梅 ZHANG Cheng;SHI Dongmei

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学文学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州民族大学国家通用语言文字推广基地,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州民族大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期110-135,共26页Journal of Guizhou Minzu University:Philosophy and Social Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“基于《世界语言结构地图集》的中国少数民族语言类型研究”(17ZDA310);国家社会科学基金重大招标项目“中国苗语方言地图集”(21&ZD302);贵州省哲学社会科学基金青年项目“贵州苗族语言生态调查研究”(20GZQN14)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：壮侗语族处置句主要是受事宾语提前,凸显话题成分的特殊句式。壮侗语族的处置句标记有两种,其一为壮侗语族固有的词汇,其二为汉语借词。在固有的处置句标记中,有的由实义动词“持拿/要”义语法化而来,其语法化机制为语义漂白和结构固化,通过推链和重新分析产生。借用的处置句标记是借用汉语的“把”或“拿”,通过语法复制的形式体现,是语言接触产生的结果。语序上,壮侗语族处置句标记为“S+DCM+O+V(+C)”,与中国南方部分语言的语序相同,符合中国南方民族语言的语序共性。The Ba clauses in the Zhuang-Dong language family mainly pre-pose the patient and highlight the topic element.They consist of two types,namely,the fixed vocabulary of the Zhuang-Dong language family,and the Chinese loans.The marking of fixed Ba clauses may come from the grammaticalization of such content verbs as"Chi Na(hold)/Yao(want)",whose grammaticalization mechanism is semantic bleaching and structural entrenching,produced through inference-chains and re-analysis.The loan Ba clause marking indicates the loan of Chinese Ba(hold)or Na(take),realized through grammatical replication,which is a result of language contact.In terms of word order the Ba clauses in the Zhuang-Dong language family are marked as"S+DCM+O+V(+C)",same as the word order of some south China languages,thus displaying the commonness of word order in south China's ethnic languages.

关 键 词：壮侗语族 处置句标记 语法化路径 类型学特征 

分 类 号：H41[语言文字]