民法典代位权制度的功能转变与规范配置  

Functional transformation and normative supply of the subrogation system of the civil code

作　　者：万子怡 WAN ZIYI(Department of Law Wuhan University,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《西安电子科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期67-75,共9页Journal of Xidian University：Social Science Edition

摘　　要：《民法典》第537条确立的“直接受偿规则”表明代位权的制度功能已由债的保全转变为债的直接实现。在债的直接实现功能下,代位权应被视为一种请求权。债的实现的功能重定位契合功能主义规制要求,也符合效率与公平的价值取向。代位权请求权理论规范配置完备。实体规范上,《民法典》第537条为代位权请求权提供了请求权基础,现有规范也可提炼出代位权请求权的发生、阻却、抗辩等要件。程序规范上,代位权诉讼给付之诉的诉讼定位符合既有程序法理念与司法实践,同时,代位权诉讼得以同代位执行程序有效区别,程序制度设计得到优化。整体而言,代位权债的实现功能的重定位,促进了实体‐程序一体化的立法目标的实现。The“direct payment rule”established by Article 537 of the Civil Code indicates that the institutional function of subrogation has changed from the preservation of debts to the direct realization of debts.Under the function of direct realization of debt,the right of subrogation should be regarded as a right of claim.The repositioning of the function of debt realization is in line with the requirements of Functionalism and the value of efficiency and fairness.The theoretical norms of subrogation claim are well equipped.In terms of substantive norms,Article 537 of the Civil Code provides the basis for subrogation claims,and the existing norms can also distill the elements of occurrence,deterrence and defense of subrogation claims.In terms of procedural norms,it is in line with the established procedural law concept and judicial practice,and at the same time,the subrogation litigation can be effectively distinguished from the subrogation execution procedure,and the design of the procedural system has been optimized.On the whole,the repositioning of the function of subrogation has promoted the realization of the legislative goal of substantive-procedural integration.

关 键 词：债权人代位权 直接受偿规则 入库规则 代位权诉讼 功能主义 

分 类 号：D923.3[政治法律—民商法学]