北方三省(自治区)马铃薯晚疫病菌对QoI类杀菌剂敏感性动态监测  

Dynamic monitoring of sensitivity to QoI fungicides of Phytophthora infestans in three provinces(autonomous regions)of Northern China

作　　者：路粉[1] 吴杰 李洋 孟润杰 毕秋艳[1] 杨坡 韩秀英[1] 王文桥[1] 赵建江[1] LU Fen;WU Jie;LI Yang;MENG Runjie;BI Qiuyan;YANG Po;HAN Xiuying;WANG Wenqiao;ZHAO Jianjiang(Plant Protection Institute,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences/Integrated Pest Management Center of Hebei Province/Key Laboratory for Integrated Management of Crop Pests in Northern Regions of North China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding 071000,China;Binzhou Polytechnic,Binzhou 256603,China;Baoding Vocational and Technical College,Baoding 071051,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院植物保护研究所/河北省农业有害生物综合防治工程技术研究中心/农业部华北北部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,保定071000 [2]滨州职业学院,滨州256603 [3]保定职业技术学院,保定071051

出　　处：《植物病理学报》2023年第4期655-665,共11页Acta Phytopathologica Sinica

基　　金：河北省农林科学院科技创新专项课题资助(2022KJCXZX-ZBS-12);河北省自然科学基金青年基金(C2018301025);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303023、20130219)。

摘　　要：为明确北方一季作区马铃薯晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯敏感性变化动态及对这两种QoI类药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防效再评价,建立了马铃薯晚疫病菌对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感基线;采用菌丝生长速率法系统检测了2011—2019年自河北、内蒙古和吉林三省(自治区)采集的866个菌株对嘧菌酯及2014—2019年采集的620个菌株对吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性;于2018年和2019年采用茎叶喷雾法,评估了嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯等7种药剂对马铃薯晚疫病的田间防效。结果表明:马铃薯晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯、吡唑醚菌酯的敏感性下降,年份之间的波动幅度大于省份之间的波动幅度;不同年份检测的晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯抗性频率分别为18.18%~64.22%和60.28%~100%,抗性指数分别为0.30~0.41和0.40~0.50;三省(自治区)马铃薯晚疫病菌对嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯抗性频率分别为41.85%~46.08%和75.00%~86.36%,抗性指数分别为0.35~0.37和0.44~0.47。两年田间药效试验结果显示250 g·L^(-1)嘧菌酯悬浮剂和250 g·L^(-1)吡唑醚菌酯乳油对马铃薯晚疫病防效良好,与500 g·L^(-1)氟啶胺悬浮剂、100 g·L^(-1)氰霜唑悬浮剂、25%氟吗啉·嘧菌酯悬浮剂和30%氟啶胺·氰霜唑悬浮剂的防效均大于80%,显著高于68%精甲霜灵·代森锰锌水分散粒剂的防效。综上,由于低抗主导,在马铃薯晚疫病菌对甲霜灵和精甲霜灵产生抗性的北方一季作区,嘧菌酯和吡唑醚菌酯可作为精甲霜灵·代森锰锌的替代药剂继续使用。但是,仍需密切监测马铃薯晚疫病菌对QoI类药剂的敏感性动态。该研究结果为马铃薯晚疫病菌的抗药性治理和QoI类药剂的合理使用提供了科学依据。In order to clarify the temporal and spatial dynamics of sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in Phytophthora infestans and re-evaluate the field efficacies of the two QoI fungicides against potato late blight in single-crop potato planting regions of Northern China,the sensitivity baseline of P.infestans to pyraclostrobin was established.The sensitivities to azoxystrobin in 866 P.infestans strains collected in 2011—2019 and the sensitivities to pyraclostrobin in 620 P.infestans strains collected in 2014—2019 from main potato production areas of Hebei Province,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Jilin Province were measured with the mycelial growth inhibition test.Also,the control efficacies of seven fungicides including azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin against potato late blight were assayed in the fields through spraying stems and leaves with fungicide suspensions in 2018 and 2019.The results showed the population of P.infestans tended to be less sensitive to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin,the fluctuation range between years was greater than that between provinces.The frequency and index of P.infestans resistance to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin over years were 18.18%-64.22%and 60.28%-100%,and 0.30-0.41 and 0.40-0.50,respectively.In three provinces,the frequency and index of P.infestans resistance to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin were 41.85%-46.08%and 75.00%-86.36%,and 0.35-0.37 and 0.44-0.47,respectively.The results of two-year field efficacy trials showed azoxystrobin 250 g·L^(-1) SC and pyraclostrobin 250 g·L^(-1) EC had high efficacies in controlling potato late blight,the control efficacies of azoxystrobin 250 g·L^(-1) SC,pyraclostrobin 250 g·L^(-1) EC,fluazinam 500 g·L^(-1) SC,cyazofamid 100 g·L^(-1) SC,flumorph·azoxystrobin 25%SC,and fluazinam·cyazofamid 30%SC were all over 80%,significantly higher than the control efficacy of mefenoxam·mancozeb 68%WG.Thus,due to the dominance of low resistance strains,azoxystrobin and pyrazoxystrobin can be used as substitutes for mefenoxam·

关 键 词：马铃薯晚疫病菌 嘧菌酯 吡唑醚菌酯 敏感性动态 田间药效再评价 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]