覆盖作物的效益及其合理选择的研究进展  

Research progress on benefits and rational selection of cover crops

作　　者：张建恒 张益兴[1] 侯赛赛 李洪波 张瑞芳 王红 王鑫鑫[1,2,3] ZHANG Jianheng;ZHANG Yixing;HOU Saisai;LI Hongbo;ZHANG Ruifang;WANG Hong;WANG Xinxin(National Research Center of Agricultural Engineering Technology in Northern Mountainous Areas,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Mountainous Agricultural Technology Innovation Center,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Hebei Institute of Mountainous Areas,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Key Laboratory of North China Water-Saving Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Baoding,071001;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China;Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学国家北方山区农业工程技术研究中心,保定071001 [2]河北农业大学河北省山区农业技术创新中心,保定071001 [3]河北农业大学河北省山区研究所,保定071001 [4]农业农村部华北节水农业重点实验室,保定071001 [5]河北农业大学资源与环境科学学院,保定071001 [6]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第14期23-34,共12页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划青年科学家项目(2022YFD1901000);河北省重点研发计划项目(21327005D);河北省现代农业产业技术体系(HBCT2023110204);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1901001);河北省科技厅项目(阜平县退化山场生态修复产业科技示范基地)。

摘　　要：覆盖作物的种植是一种可实现农业可持续发展的保护性耕作措施,对维护农业生产的可持续性具有积极意义。目前,对覆盖作物的研究主要侧重于覆盖作物对土壤和后茬作物的影响评价,包括对土壤有机碳、氮的固存,对杂草和病虫害的抑制、对土壤理化性质的改良和对土壤微生物活性的影响等方面。然而,覆盖作物的效益因覆盖作物类型、地理位置和覆盖时间不同而存在差异。另外,覆盖作物的选择、设置方法、终止方法、经济效益等充满了不确定性,这限制了其在农田中的大面积推广。该研究基于当前国内外的研究进展简要介绍了覆盖作物的种植管理现状,总结了覆盖作物提供的多种生态系统服务功能,讨论了限制覆盖作物在农作物种植系统中广泛应用的关键因素,提出了覆盖作物合理选择的建议。同时,基于覆盖作物在农学、生态环境上的经济和生态效益,对覆盖作物的贡献以及面临的瓶颈进行了思考。发现良种培育、覆盖作物-土壤微生物-土壤养分-作物之间的协同机制仍是今后需要突破的重点课题,以期为覆盖作物的合理选择及大面积推广提供依据。Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are widely used to remove the pests and weeds for the high grain yield in crop planting systems.However,the sustainable production has been restricted by some negative impacts on the soil and ecological environment.Fortunately,a new conservation tillage measure,covering crop planting can be adopted to realize the sustainable development of agriculture.This review aims to explore the research progress on benefits and rational selection of cover crops in agricultural production.A visual analysis with the keyword"cover crops"was firstly performed on the current research status using the CNKI database.It was found that the current number of publications increased to reach a peak in 2020.The research fields of cover crops included basic agricultural science,crop science,agronomy,plant protection,biology,environmental science and resource utilization.Cover crops method has been the multidisciplinary research object.The current research of cover crops was focused mainly on the impact of cover crops on the soil and subsequent crops,including the soil organic carbon and nitrogen sequestration,weed and pest inhibition,the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties,and the impact on soil microbial activity.A systematic summery was proposed to clarify the effects of cover crops on the soil nutrients,moisture,pH value,physical indicators(including soil bulk density and total porosity),biological indicators(including soil enzyme activity and soil microbial diversity),and environmental factors(including greenhouse gas emissions,heavy metals,and water environment).In addition,the rest benefits of cover crops were also involved as well.Cover crops method were taken as a new strategy to achieve the sustainable agricultural production with the high yield of main crops,in order to produce numerous ecological service functions,such as reducing soil erosion and nutrient loss.However,there were great differences in the natural resource endowments,such as the climate in the north and south o

关 键 词：作物 栽培 覆盖 可持续发展 经济效益 生态系统服务 遗传育种 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]