浑水灌溉和有机肥对土壤水分运移、蒸发及淋溶的影响  

Effects of organic fertilizer on soil water transport,evaporation and leaching under muddy water irrigation

作　　者：彭有亮 费良军[1] 介飞龙 沈方圆 PENG Youliang;FEI Liangjun;JIE Feilong;SHEN Fangyuan(State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region,Xi’an University of Technology,Xi’an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第14期125-135,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52079105);陕西省重大水利科技项目(2023SLKJ-2);西安理工大学博士学位论文创新基金(310-252072215)。

摘　　要：为揭示浑水含沙率和有机肥对土壤水分入渗和淋溶损失的影响,该研究采用室内一维土柱入渗装置,研究4个浑水含沙率水平(0、4%、8%、12%)和4个生物有机肥施肥水平(0、2250、4500、6750 kg/hm^(2))对土壤水分运移、蒸发特性及淋溶损失的影响。结果表明:随着浑水含沙率和施肥水平的增大,相同时间内湿润锋运移距离和累积入渗量逐渐降低,且湿润锋运移距离与入渗时间符合幂函数关系。Kostiakov入渗模型可描述浑水灌溉和施肥条件下的土壤水分入渗变化过程(R^(2)>0.9),随着浑水含沙率和施肥水平的逐渐增大,入渗系数逐渐减小,而入渗指数逐渐增大。浑水灌溉和施肥条件下的累积蒸发量与蒸发时间符合Black和Rose蒸发模型(R^(2)>0.9),且Black模型的精度比Rose高。与清水入渗相比,浑水入渗可提高土壤中的电导率、有机质含量、淋溶液中的电导率和总溶解性固体物质,同时降低累积蒸发量、土壤的含水率、pH值和累积淋溶液体积。与不施肥相比,施有机肥能减少土壤水分的蒸发,同时还能降低累积淋溶液体积以及淋溶液中的电导率和总溶解性固体物质,增加土壤中的有机质含量和电导率。该研究结果可为浑水灌溉高效利用和合理施用有机肥量提供科学参考。This study aims to investigate the effects of muddy water irrigation and bio-organic fertilizers on soil water infiltration,evaporation,and leaching in the cultivated layer of Xi'an Province,China.An indoor one-dimensional soil column infiltration device was also utilized in the experiment.Four levels of muddy water sediment concentration(0,4%,8%,12%,quality fraction,sediment from the muddy infiltration water was collected from the bottom of the Jinghui Canal irrigation area in the Yellow River basin,China)and four levels of bio-organic fertilizers(0,2250,4500,6750 kg/hm^(2),bio-organic fertilizer from Yuanlong Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Puyang,China.)were set in a total of 16 treatments,where each repeated three times.The experimental indicators were measured,such as the cumulative infiltration,wetting front transport distance,soil water evaporation,soil moisture content,electrical conductivity,organic matter content,and leaching solution loss.The models were about:1)the relationship between the infiltration time,sediment concentration in muddy water,fertilization amount,and wetting front distance;2)the relationship between infiltration time,sediment concentration in muddy water,fertilization amount and infiltration rate;3)The cumulative evaporation and evaporation time were fitted using Black and Rose evaporation models.The results showed that the sediment concentration of muddy water and bio-organic fertilizer posed the significant effects on the wetting front distance,cumulative infiltration amount,and infiltration rate.The higher the muddy water sediment concentration and bio-organic fertilizer level were,the smaller the wetting front distance and cumulative infiltration amount within the same infiltration time were.The muddy water infiltration increased the infiltration time by 9.88%-70.37%,whereas,the cumulative infiltration was reduced by 13.17%-34.13%,compared with the clean water infiltration.The bio-organic fertilizer was applied to increased the infiltration time by 8.96%-51.09%,while the cumulative infil

关 键 词：灌溉 入渗 淋溶 浑水 生物有机肥 蒸发模型 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程]