稻草生物炭对干湿交替稻田CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的影响  

Effects of rice straw biochar on CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions in alternating wetting and drying rice fields

作　　者：刘畅[1] 迟道才[1] 张丰 韩宏伟 衣本骥 王喆 孟军[2,3] 陈涛涛[1,2,3] LIU Chang;CHI Daocai;ZHANG Feng;HAN Hongwei;YI Benji;WANG Zhe;MENG Jun;CHEN Taotao(College of Water Resources,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;National Institute of Biochar,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110866 [2]沈阳农业大学农学院,沈阳110866 [3]沈阳农业大学国家生物炭研究院,沈阳110866

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第14期232-242,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：辽宁省应用基础研究计划项目青年专项(2023030237-JH2/1016);辽宁省特聘教授项目(XLYC1902064);国家自然科学基金项目(51709173);中国博士后科学基金项目(2019M661129)。

摘　　要：为探究稻草生物炭和灌溉方式对稻田CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的影响,揭示生物炭在干湿交替稻田中的应用潜力,该研究采用大田裂区试验,设置常规淹灌(ICF)和干湿交替灌溉(IAWD)2种灌溉方式,不施生物炭(B0)和施20 t/hm^(2)生物炭(B_(2)0)2种施炭水平,连续3 a对稻田CH_(4)、N_(2)O排放和水稻产量进行了观测研究。结果表明:与ICF相比,IAWD在显著降低CH_(4)排放(63.03%~78.89%)的同时也促进了N_(2)O排放(100%~122.67%)。生物炭施加首年对CH_(4)排放无显著影响,但第2年和第3年分别显著减少CH4排放21.99%和38.21%;而对N_(2)O排放3 a均起到抑制作用,降幅达28.26%~33.10%。生物炭3 a平均增加土壤有机碳27.03%。施生物炭第1年水稻略有减产,但第2和第3年表现为正效应。主要是由于初期秸秆生物炭碱性较大,表现出了明显的石灰效应;但随着pH值逐步恢复正常后,生物炭固碳减排和缓释增效特性逐渐显现。尤其在2021年,B20较B0增产11.02%,显著降低37.50%的全球增温潜势(global warming potential,GWP)和42.86%的温室气体排放强度(greenhouse gas intensity,GHGI);同时,在B0条件下,IAWD较ICF增加137.21%的N_(2)O排放,但B20条件下降低IAWD处理32.52%的N_(2)O排放,有效抑制IAWD对N_(2)O排放增加的负面效应。整体来看,与ICFB0处理相比,IAWDB20处理显著降低CH4排放,降幅为83.78%,同时降低77.98%的GWP和78.95%的GHGI。该研究为揭示生物炭固碳减排的正效应及其在稻田生态系统中的应用潜力,同时全面探究其对稻田增产、CH_(4)和N_(2)O排放的年限影响,为缓解实际稻田生产过程中CH_(4)和N_(2)O的排放,实现稻田绿色、高效、可持续生产提供理论依据。Biochar is widely used as one type of soil amendment to enhance soil properties and carbon sequestration in croplands.But it is still unclear on the influence of rice straw biochar application on CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions from paddy fields,especially in Northeast China.The typical rice monoculture region is often used under the alternate regime of wetting and drying(IAWD)with the aging of biochar in soil.This study aims to further investigate the potential of biochar application in IAWD paddy fields.A split-plot field was designed with two irrigation regimes,two biochar additions,and three replications in 2019-2021.Among them,the irrigation regimes(I)included continuous flooding irrigation(ICF)and IAWD.The sub-plots within each main plot were subjected to two biochar(B)additions(biochar-free control and 20 t ha-1 biochar,represented by B0 and B20,respectively).Prior to the experiment,the surface soil was first sampled in the rice fields and then air-dried to measure the basic physicochemical parameters of the soil.Biochar was applied one day before transplanting in 2019.After that,there was no additional biochar in 2020 and 2021.The opaque static chamber was used to collect the CH_(4)and N_(2)O emissions over 3-4 days after topdressing,and 7-10 days between rice transplanting and harvesting.Gas samples were finally obtained to measure the CH4 and N_(2)O concentration using gas chromatograph(Agilent 7890B,Agilent Technologies,Inc.,USA).Results showed that the IAWD significantly reduced the CH_(4)emission by 63.03%-78.89%,global warming potential(GWP)by 62.02%-75.21%,greenhouse gas inventory(GHGI)by 62.31%-75.28%,compared with the ICF,although there was an increase in the N_(2)O emission of 100%-122.67%.The B20 treatment reduced the CH4 emission by 21.99%in 2020,and 38.21%in 2021,whereas,there was an increase in the soil organic carbon by 24.03%-28.88%,and N_(2)O emission by 28.26%-33.10%over three years.Moreover,biochar was used to inhibit the negative effect of IAWD on the increase of N_(2)O emissions.A correlat

关 键 词：生物炭 甲烷 氧化亚氮 干湿交替 有机碳 产量 

分 类 号：S21[农业科学—农业机械化工程] S154.1[农业科学—农业工程]