导流式水田离心扬肥器设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the fertilizer centrifugal broadcaster with guiding chute for paddy field

作　　者：辛明金[1] 姜志文 陈天佑[1] 宋玉秋[1] 王野 黄文忠 XIN Mingjin;JIANG Zhiwen;CHEN Tianyou;SONG Yuqiu;WANG Ye;HUANG Wenzhong(College of Engineering,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866,China;Suzhou Jitianxingzhou Space Technology Co.,Ltd.,Suzhou 215000,China;Fushun Modern Agriculture and Poverty Alleviation and Development Promotion Center,Fushun 113009,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学工程学院,沈阳110866 [2]苏州吉天星舟空间技术有限公司,苏州215000 [3]抚顺市现代农业及扶贫开发促进中心,抚顺113009

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2023年第15期67-75,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51975389)。

摘　　要：针对水稻撒施追肥肥料颗粒破碎率高、抛程低的问题,该研究设计了一种导流式离心圆盘扬肥器,其主要由带导向叶片的旋转圆盘、进料部分和导流筒组成,利用离心力和气流共同作用抛撒肥料,以提高抛程。首先,对肥料颗粒进行动力学分析,建立抛程与肥料颗粒速度之间的函数关系,确定装置的结构及运动参数。其次,基于EDEM对撒肥过程进行了仿真分析,研究扬肥器导向叶片结构参数与进料口位置对肥料初速度的影响,并基于FLUENT对扬肥器内部气流流场进行仿真分析,研究扬肥器导流筒对颗粒抛出速度的影响,优化导流筒的结构参数。最后,采用四因素三水平正交试验,研究叶片数量、叶片型式、叶片高度和盘室间隙对抛程和肥料破碎率的影响。结果表明,当叶片数为4、叶片型式为径向叶片、叶片高度为15 mm、盘室间隙为25 mm时,抛程为16.95 m,肥料破碎率为26.32%,较无导流筒的扬肥器抛程提高5 m、肥料破碎率降低28.2%。研究结果可为扬肥装置的研制提供依据。Rice is one of the most significant crops in the world.Enough fertilizer supplied in the different growing period is necessary for the growth and yield of rice.Manual spreading is still the main way of paddy topdressing in China,leading to the inefficient and uneven application.A topdressing machine can be expected to reduce the labor intensity for the high productivity.Among them,the large spreading distance can be required for the mechanical spreading of fertilizer,in order to reduce the running times of the machine in paddy fields.Furthermore,the broken rate is the main influencing factor on the broadcasting distance.In this study,an experimental centrifugal disc fertilizer broadcaster with a guiding chute was designed for the parameter optimization of the machine,in order to increase the spreading range with the less breakage rate of the fertilizer.The broadcaster consisted of a revolving disc with the guiding blades,a feeding part,and a guiding chute.The spreading distance increased to combine the action of centrifugal force and airflow speed.The kinetic analysis of fertilizer grains was carried out to establish a functional relationship between spreading distance and fertilizer particle velocity.The structure and motion parameters of the device were determined,according to the models.The speed of the disc was determined as 850 r/min,the length of the guiding blade as 160 mm,and the distance between the feeding tube and the center of the disc as 90 mm.The fertilizer spreading was simulated using EDEM software.A systematic investigation was conducted to reveal the influence of structural parameters of fertilizer applicator guiding blade and the location of the chute on the initial speed of fertilizer particles.The guiding blade of the disc was determined to be the radial type.The internal airflow field of the fertilizer broadcaster was simulated using FLUENT,in order to clarify the influence of the fertilizer spreader guide tube on the fertilizer particle speed off the guiding chute.The structural parameters

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 试验 扬肥器 导流筒 抛程 肥料破碎率 

分 类 号：S233.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]