情分与责任:从祝庚案看清代基层职役与宗族  

Mutual Affection and Responsibility:The Grassroots Managerial Staffs and Clans in the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：王晓斐 WANG Xiaofei

机构地区：[1]安徽大学徽学研究中心

出　　处：《北京档案》2023年第10期50-53,共4页Beijing Archives

摘　　要：雍正、乾隆年间,婺源县民祝多屡次利用总催这一基层职役身份侵吞钱粮,却在事发后无力偿还,祝庚作为房长不得不为之偿债。后双方爆发冲突,祝庚失手将祝多推水溺毙。乡保见双方私下和解,未去县衙报案。案发后,房长祝庚和乡保均被判罚。这一案件表明,乡约、保甲等基层职役与地方宗族社会有着较为密切的地缘和血缘关系网络,有时会囿于情分而违背法律。清代宗族常以轮充形式选派族人充任各类基层职役,也在官府面前做出担保;一旦其犯罪,且无力偿还赔费,族房可能会承担连带责任。During the reign of Yongzheng and Qian⁃long of the Qing Dynasty,a citizen in Wuyuan county named Zhu Duo repeatedly exploited his authority as grassroot managerial staff to embezzle money and grain,but was unable to repay.Zhu Geng as the head a branch of the local clan had to repay the debt.That stimulated a conflict between Zhu Duo and Zhu Geng who accidentally pushed Zhu Duo into the river and let him drowned and dead.Since the two parties settled the case privately,the grassroot managerial staff did not go to the county government to report the case.However,the crime was discoverd,and both Zhu Geng and rural grassroot officials were sentenced to penalties.This case shows that the grassroot manage⁃rial staff have close geographical and blood relation⁃ship with the local clan,and thus they tend to violate the law because of the bond.In the Qing Dynasty clans often chose their members to serve in various types of grassroot managerial positions.They also made commitment to the local government that they would be held jointly liable once their chosen mem⁃bers committed crimes and were unable to pay back the compensation fee.

关 键 词：清代 基层职役 宗族 祝庚案 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K820.9[历史地理—中国史] D691[政治法律—政治学]