因应与调适:战后日本国家安全保障战略的演化  

Responding and Adaptation:The Evolution of Japan's National Security Strategy Since the End of WWIl

作　　者：于铁军[1] Yu Tiejun

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《日本学刊》2023年第4期1-39,153,共40页Japanese Studies

摘　　要：2022年12月16日,日本岸田文雄内阁审议通过了包括新的《国家安全保障战略》在内的“安保三文件”,对日本的国家安全和防卫战略进行了大幅调整。对日本这一举措的理解和评估需要将之放在战后日本国家安全保障战略演变的整体脉络中,综合考察不同时期国际环境的变迁和大国关系的变化、日本决策者对这些变化的认知和解读,以及战后日本国内政治如“保革之争”、宪法“第九条”等对安全保障政策所构成的限制等因素,并对这些因素之间的互动情况进行系统分析。根据国内外环境的变化和日本的因应情况,战后日本国家安全保障战略的演变大致可以划分为四个阶段,即1945—1972年国家安全保障战略的发端、1972—1990年作为“经济大国”的战略摸索、1990—2009年冷战后的战略调整以及2009—2022年的国家安全保障战略转型。其总体发展方向是从“重经济、轻军备”的“吉田路线”向“普通大国”“军事化”和更加积极主动的自主安全保障战略迈进。安倍晋三第二次执政期间是战后日本国家安全保障战略发生转换的关键时期。The"three documents"of Japanese national security including Japan's new version of National Security Strategy have been ratified by the Kishida Cabinet on December 16,2022,which indicated a significant transformation of Japanese national security and defense strategy.To get a better understanding and appropriate evaluation of this transformation,it is necessary to put it in the whole context of Japan's evolving national security strategy in the postwar era,examining the changing international environment and major power relations,the perception of Japanese decision-makers on these changes,and the restraints on Japan's national security policy from the domestic political factors such as the"struggle between the conservatives and leftists"and the"Article Nine"of Japanese constitution,followed by a systematic analysis on the interactions among these internal and external factors.Based on the changes of international and domestic environment Japan facing and Japan's responses,the evolution of Japan's postwar national security strategy can be divided into four periods,namely,firstly the starting of Japan's national security strategy(1945-1972),secondly the strategic exproration of Japan as an economic major power(1972-1990),thirdly Japan's strategic adjustment after the Cold War(1990-2009),and fourthly the transformation of Japan's national security strategy(2009-2022).The overall trajectory is heading toward a"normal state"and militarization with a more proactive and autonomous grand strategy from the Yoshida Doctrine which puts an emphasis on economy instead of military buildup.The second term of Abe Shinzo as Japan's prime minister is the most critical period when the transformation of Japan's postwar national security strategy took place.

关 键 词：战后日本 国家安全保障战略 安倍政权 日美同盟 印太 

分 类 号：F731.3[经济管理—产业经济]