“共同体”与“文明等级”:阿尔弗雷德·齐默恩的国际政治思想  

"Commonwealth"and"the Hierarchy of Civilization":A Revisit to Alfred Zimmern's International Political Thought

作　　者：王紫珠 Wang Zizhu

机构地区：[1]英国萨塞克斯大学全球研究学院

出　　处：《国际政治研究》2023年第4期81-106,7,共27页The Journal of International Studies

基　　金：“2021年国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目(CSC)”资助(项目编号:202106100030)。

摘　　要：阿尔弗雷德·齐默恩是英国国际关系学科的首任讲席教授,其发源于两次世界大战间期的国际政治思想对学科的理论和身份认同的构建起着关键作用。“共同体”是齐默恩国际政治思想的核心,其形成既基于他对第一次世界大战的反思和对国联的设想,也融入了一种“古今类比”的认识论。齐默恩倾向把古希腊政治制度类比到所处的时代,体现了他对深受重商主义、个体主义影响的现代资本主义国际体系的反思。然而,他同时在“共同体”中纳入一种基于文明的等级制观念,并体现在对国联的政策建议中。总之,齐默恩的国际政治思想内容丰富和多样,并非学界一贯认为的“理想主义”所能涵盖。Alfred Zimmern was the world's first chair in International Relations,created in Aberystwyth University in Britain in 1919.Zimmern's international political thought,originated from the interwar period,played a key role in constructing the discipline's theory and identity.The idea of"Commonwealth"was at the core of Zimmern's political thought.The idea arose not only from his reflection on World War I and conception of the League of Nations but also benefited from an analogy between the past and the present.In comparing the ancient Greek political system to that of his times,Zimmern offered an insightful critique and reflection on the modern capitalist international system deeply influenced by mercantilism and individualism.Yet,Zimmern also incorporated the hierarchy of civilization in the idea of"Commonwealth"and put forward a hierarchical design of the League of Nations.In sum,Zimmern's international political thought illustratesan internal tension that cannot be merely regarded as"idealism."

关 键 词：国际政治理论 国际政治思想史 英国 阿尔弗雷德·齐默恩 “共同体” “文明等级” 国际联盟 

分 类 号：D80[政治法律—政治学] D50[政治法律—外交学] D091