“新华盛顿共识”与美国经济战略的转型  

The New Washington Consensus and the Transition of US Economic Strategy

作　　者：李巍[1,2] LI Wei

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [2]中国人民大学美国研究中心

出　　处：《国际问题研究》2023年第5期48-70,139,140,共25页International Studies

基　　金：中国人民大学2023-2025年度明德研究品牌计划“中国经济外交的理论与实践”(项目编号:14XNJ006)的资助。

摘　　要：自由主义一直被认为是美国经济思想的根基和内核。2008年金融危机之后,基于各种内外环境的变化,美国国内对于自由主义的反叛力量一直在孕育,但受制于既有思想的强大惯性,这种反叛力量并没有形成系统的行动指南和最终的政策方案。直到拜登政府上台,美国社会内部累积的巨大变革力量才开始凝聚成强大的执政共识,并转化为现实的操作方案,美国的决策精英将这种共识概括为“新华盛顿共识”。新共识的核心内容是,美国要大力动用国家权力工具,从内政(产业政策)和外交(经济外交)两个方向入手,全面复兴美国的产业生态系统和技术创新能力,以服务大国战略竞争的目的。这是美国经济战略思想自20世纪70年代以来最大力度的转型,即从信奉市场至上、推动自由经济转向强化政府干预、护卫国家安全。美国重新调整国家与市场的关系,既打破了关于美国自由主义立国的传统神话,也给中国的经济发展和国家安全乃至全球政治经济秩序的演进都带来重大影响。Liberalism has long been considered the foundation and core of US economic thought.While changes in domestic and external environments following the 2008 financial crisis gave rise to rebellious forces against liberalism in the US,these forces did not develop into a systematic guide to action or an ultimate policy option because of the strong inertia of existing ideas.It was not until the Biden administration came to power that the tremendous forces for change accumulated within the American society began to coalesce into a strong governing consensus and be transformed into realistic operational plans.The new consensus is summarized by the American decision-making elite as the New Washington Consensus,and at its core calls for the US government to vigorously wield state power and comprehensively revive America’s industrial ecosystem and technological innovation capabilities with domestic(industrial policy)and diplomatic(economic diplomacy)actions,in order to serve US interests in the strategic competition of major powers.This is the most significant transition of US economic strategy since the 1970s,from believing in market supremacy and promoting a free economy to strengthening government intervention and ensuring national security.The US readjustment of state-market relationship has not only dispelled the traditional myth about the country’s liberal foundation,but also had a major impact on China’s economic development,national security,and even the evolution of the entire global political and economic order.

关 键 词：国家主义 新华盛顿共识 产业政策 经济外交 经济战略 

分 类 号：F171.20[经济管理—世界经济]