我国居民收入公平度测算及影响因素研究  

The Measurement and Decomposition of the Fairness of the Inequality in China

作　　者：李志洋 韩汉君[1] LI Zhiyang;HAN Hanjun(Institute of Economics,Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences,Shanghai 200020)

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院经济研究所,上海200020

出　　处：《管理现代化》2023年第5期10-17,共8页Modernization of Management

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般项目(项目编号:2021BJB008)。

摘　　要：本文从代际公平的角度,运用2010年-2021年CGSS数据库的数据,在兼顾机会平等和摆脱贫困的情况下,测算我国居民收入差距的公平度以及分解各因素在不公平收入差距中的贡献。研究结果发现:(1)绝对贫困线下收入差距中有20%左右是不公平收入差距,且占比在逐年缩小;50%相对贫困线下不公平收入差距占比较高,甚至有年份超过60%,且占比呈扩大趋势;(2)农村不公平收入差距无论是绝对量还是相对量均大于城镇,但农村不公平收入差距近年来有所下降;(3)男性总收入差距低于女性,但是不公平收入差距在2015年之前是女性大,之后转为男性更大;(4)绝对贫困线下机会不平等是引起不公平收入差距的主要原因,其中户籍和父亲职业占比最大;50%相对贫困线下摆脱贫困是引起不公平收入差距的主要原因。由此,为减少居民不公平收入差距,政府应重视相对贫困治理,加快推进城乡户籍制度改革,拓宽农村居民的就业渠道。From the perspective of intergenerational equity,this paper uses the data of the CGSS database from 2010 to 2021 to measure the fairness of the income gap of Chinese residents and the contribution of each factor in the unfair income gap under the condition of taking into account equal opportunity and poverty alleviation.The results show that:(1)about 20%of the income gap below the absolute poverty line is an unfair income gap,and the proportion is shrinking year by year;The unfair income gap below the 50%relative poverty line is relatively high,even exceeding 60%in some years,and the proportion is expanding;(2)The rural unfair income gap is greater than that in both absolute and relative terms,but the rural unfair income gap has decreased in recent years;(3)the total income gap between men is lower than that of women,but the unfair income gap was larger for women before 2015 and wider for men after that;(4)Unequal opportunities below the absolute poverty line are the main causes of unfair income disparities,with household registration and father's occupation accounting for the largest proportion;Lifting 50%of the relative poverty line out of poverty is the main cause of unfair income disparity.Therefore,in order to reduce the unfair income gap among residents,the government should pay attention to the control of relative poverty,accelerate the reform of the urban and rural household registration system,and broaden the employment channels for rural residents.

关 键 词：收入差距公平度 代际公平 机会平等 摆脱贫困 

分 类 号：F014.4[经济管理—政治经济学]