基于量子计算的高能核物理研究  

Quantum computing based high-energy nuclear physics

作　　者：李天胤 邢宏喜 张旦波 Li Tian-Yin;Xing Hong-Xi;Zhang Dan-Bo(Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control(Ministry of Education),Institute of Quantum Matter,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science,Institute of Quantum Matter,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter,Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control(Ministry of Education),Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Structure and Fundamental Interactions of Matter,School of Physics,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学量子物质研究院,原子亚原子结构与量子调控教育部重点实验室,广州510006 [2]华南师范大学量子物质研究院,广东省核物质科学与技术重点实验室,广州510006 [3]华南师范大学南方核科学计算中心,粤港量子物质联合实验室,广州510006 [4]华南师范大学物理学院,原子亚原子结构与量子调控教育部重点实验室,广东省高等学校物质结构与相互作用基础研究卓越中心,广州510006

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第20期16-27,共12页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:12005065,12022512,12035007);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(批准号:2023A1515011460,2021A1515010317);广东省重点实验室(批准号:2020B1212060066)资助的课题.

摘　　要：高能核物理旨在探索和理解物质在夸克与胶子层次的组成及演化的基本规律.然而,从量子色动力学第一性原理出发来求解高能核物理,经典计算却存在本质困难.近几年来,量子计算因给模拟高能核物理提供了潜在的根本性解决方案而受到了较大的关注.本文简要回顾了高能核物理量子模拟的现状,介绍了态制备及光锥关联函数测量等典型量子算法,并通过强子散射振幅和有限温有限密物质相结构的研究,分别展示了量子计算在解决高能核物理中含时问题和符号问题上的优势.High-energy nuclear physics aims to explore and understand the physics of matter composed of quarks and gluons.However,it is intrinsically difficult to simulate high-energy nuclear physics from the first principle based quantum chromodynamics by using classical computers.In recent years,quantum computing has received intensive attention because it is expected to provide an ultimate solution for simulating high-energy nuclear physics.In this paper,we firstly review recent advances in quantum simulation of high-energy nuclear physics.Then we introduce some standard quantum algorithms,such as state preparation and measurements of lightcone correlation function.Finally,we demonstrate the advantage of quantum computing for solving the realtime evolution and the sign problems by studying hadronic scattering amplitude and phase structure of finitetemperature and finite-density matter,respectively.

关 键 词：高能核物理 量子算法 散射振幅 核物质相结构 

分 类 号：O572[理学—粒子物理与原子核物理] O413[理学—物理]