路径积分传播子测量的研究进展  

Research progress of measurement of propagators in path integrals

作　　者：田礼漫 温永立 王云飞 张善超 李建锋[1,2] 杜镜松 颜辉[1,2,3] 朱诗亮[1,2,3] Tian Li-Man;Wen Yong-Li;Wang Yun-Fei;Zhang Shan-Chao;Li Jian-Feng;Du Jing-Song;Yan Hui;Zhu Shi-Liang(Key Laboratory of Atomic and Subatomic Structure and Quantum Control(Ministry of Education),School of Physics,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter,Frontier Research Institute for Physics,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学物理学院,原子亚原子结构与量子调控教育部重点实验室,广州510006 [2]华南师范大学,广东省量子调控工程与材料重点实验室,广州510006 [3]华南师范大学物理前沿科学研究院,粤港量子物质联合实验室,广州510006

出　　处：《物理学报》2023年第20期172-184,共13页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：广东省基础与应用基础研究基金区域联合基金-青年基金项目(批准号:2022A1515110921)资助的课题.

摘　　要：传播子在路径积分理论中扮演着核心角色,因此在路径积分理论可使用的多个现代量子物理领域中有重要价值.然而,由于其一直未能在实验中被直接测量,基于路径积分表述研究量子系统的实验进展受到了严重制约.最近,基于波函数直接测量方法,我们提出了传播子测量方案,并利用单光子实验首次成功实现了传播子的实验测量.此外,在这项研究中还首次演示了量子力学的最小作用量原理.该研究成功解决了路径积分实验研究中的技术难题.本文综述了此领域的研究进展,具体为简述波函数直接测量的基本概念和研究进展,并详细介绍传播子测量的理论模型、实验设计和实验结果.最后,介绍了一个重要的应用范例,即通过传播子测量实现最小作用量原理的实验演示.本文综述的传播子测量研究进展,将为今后使用该方法开展相关实验研究提供重要的参考.The propagator plays a central role in path integral theory and therefore has significant value in various fields of modern quantum physics,where path integral representations can be used.However,owing to the fact that it has not been directly measured in experiment,progress of experimental studies of quantum systems based on path integral representations has been seriously limited.Recently,we proposed a propagator measurement scheme based on the direct measurement of the wave function and successfully performed the first experimental measurement of the propagator by using a single photon experiment.Furthermore,in this study,the quantum principle of least action is demonstrated for the first time.This research successfully addresses the technical challenges of path integral experimental studies.In this work,we review the research progress in this field,including a brief introduction to the basic concepts and research progress of direct wave function measurement,and a detailed description of the theoretical model,experimental design,and experimental results of propagator measurement.Finally,we introduce an important application example,which can serve as the experimental demonstration of the quantum principle of least action through propagator measurement.The research progress of propagator measurement reviewed in this work will provide important references for future experimental studies by using this method.

关 键 词：量子测量 传播子 路径积分 最小作用量原理 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理]