贵州佛顶山国家级自然保护区东方蜜蜂群体遗传分析  

Population genetic analysis of Apis cerana in Foding Mountain National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province

作　　者：万炜 李应 黎华君[1] 姚丹 于瀛龙 韦小平[1] WAN Wei;LI Ying;LI Hua-Jun;YAO Dan;YU Ying-Long;WEI Xiao-Ping(Guizhou Institute of Integrated Agriculture Development,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院现代农业发展研究所,贵阳550006

出　　处：《环境昆虫学报》2023年第5期1368-1374,共7页Journal of Environmental Entomology

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合基础[2019]1453号,黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般112);黔农科院青年科技基金[2021]09号,[2020]08号;黔农科院种质资源[2022]16号;国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-44-SYZ 22)。

摘　　要：为探究贵州佛顶山国家级自然保护区东方蜜蜂Apis cerana的群体遗传现状和生态廊道效应,基于15个微卫星遗传标记对该保护区内168群东方蜜蜂开展群体遗传分析,并与梵净山、雷公山国家级自然保护区的东方蜜蜂进行比较分析。结果显示佛顶山保护区东方蜜蜂的平均期望杂合度为0.6948±0.0374、等位基因数为10.07±5.55、香农指数为1.5345±0.5060、多态信息含量为0.6552±0.1608,有效种群大小为825.3,与梵净山、雷公山保护区的东方蜜蜂没有遗传分化。佛顶山保护区东方蜜蜂遗传多样性处于全国较高水平,并与梵净山、雷公山东方蜜蜂存在明显的基因交流。研究结果揭示了佛顶山保护区维持蜜蜂遗传多样性的作用和生态廊道作用,揭示了距离110 km内多个保护区能够保证东方蜜蜂畅通的基因交流、避免近交衰退。同时,研究明确了多个保护区在蜜蜂遗传资源保护上的作用,为东方蜜蜂资源保护提供了积极的科学依据。For the purpose of exploring the population genetic status and ecological corridor effect of Apis cerana in the Foding Mountain National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province,population genetic analysis was carried out on 168 colonies of A.cerana in the reserve based on 15 microsatellite markers.This A.cerana in the reserve was also compared with that in Fanjing Mountain and Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserves.The results showed that A.cerana in the reserve had an average expected heterozygosity of 0.6948±0.0374,the allele number of 10.07±5.55,the Shannon index of 1.5345±0.5060,the PIC value of 0.6552±0.1608,and an effective population size of 825.3.There was no genetic differentiation between A.cerana in the reserve and that in Fanjing Mountain and Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve.The genetic diversity of A.cerana in the Foding Mountain was at a high level in China,and there was obvious gene exchange between A.cerana in the reserve and that in Fanjing Mountain and Leigong Mountain National Nature Reserve.The study revealed the role of the Foding Mountain National Nature Reserve in maintaining honeybee genetic diversity and its ecological corridor effect,and disclosed that several reserves within 110 km range could ensure the smooth gene exchange of A.cerana and avoid its inbreeding depression.By clarifying the role of multiple reserves in conserving A.cerana genetic resources,this study provided a positive scientific basis for the conservation of A.cerana resources.

关 键 词：传粉昆虫 遗传多样性 遗传分化 梵净山 佛顶山 雷公山 生态廊道 

分 类 号：Q963[生物学—昆虫学] S89[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]