不同覆盖和生长调节剂处理对‘长富2号’苹果花期和果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching and Growth Regulators on Flowering and Fruit Quality of‘Nagano Fuji No.2’Apple

作　　者：魏江彤 王星辰 付笑敏 邹养军[1] 李超 马锋旺[1] WEI Jiangtong;WANG Xingchen;FU Xiaomin;ZOU Yangjun;LI Chao;MA Fengwang(State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple,College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室/陕西省苹果重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第10期64-69,103,共7页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系项目“育种方法与抗性育种”(CARS-27)。

摘　　要：为研究不同覆盖和生长调节剂处理对苹果花期及果实品质的影响。本文以9年生‘长富2号’为试验材料,花芽萌动前,在灌水和树干涂白基础上分别设置覆盖秸秆+喷施ABA 1000μmol/L(处理1)、覆盖椰糠+喷施ABA 1000μmol/L(处理2)、覆盖秸秆+喷施NAA 1000μmol/L(处理3)、覆盖椰糠+喷施NAA 1000μmol/L(处理4)四个处理,以喷施清水作为对照,研究了各处理对‘长富2号’花期以及果实的单果重、纵横径、色差、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、可溶性糖以及苹果酸含量。与对照相比,不同覆盖和生长调节剂处理均可不同程度推迟花期,但以处理1和处理2效果最显著,可使初花期推迟3天,并可显著提高‘长富2号’果实的颜色指数,处理1、处理3和处理4可显著提高果实葡萄糖和半乳糖的含量。但不同覆盖和激素处理下,‘长富2号’果实的单果重、纵横经、果实质构、可溶性固形物和总酸与CK相比均无显著性差异。本研究表明灌水+涂白+覆盖秸秆+ABA 1000μmol/L能够推迟‘长富2号’的初花期3天,可有效预防倒春寒引起的花期冻害,同时能够显著提高果实的颜色指数、葡萄糖和半乳糖含量,与其他处理相比更适合在生产中预防花期冻害。The effects of different mulching and growth regulator treatments on flowering and fruit quality of apple were studied.Nine-year-old‘Nagano Fuji No.2’was used as the test material.Before the flower bud germination,four treatments were set up based on irrigation and trunk whitening.These treatments included:(1)Covering with straw and spraying 1000μmol/L of ABA(Treatment 1),(2)Covering with coconut bran and spraying 1000μmol/L of ABA(Treatment 2),(3)Covering with straw and spraying 1000μmol/L of NAA(Treatment 3),and(4)Covering with coconut bran and spraying 1000μmol/L of NAA(Treatment 4).A control group was also included,where only water was sprayed.The effects of each treatment on the single fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter,color difference,soluble solids,titratable acid,soluble sugar and malic acid content of‘Nagano Fuji No.2’were investigated.Compared with the control,different mulching and growth regulator treatments delayed the flowering period to varying degrees,but the effects of treatment 1 and treatment 2 were the most significant,which delayed the initial flowering period by 3 days and significantly increased the color index of‘Nagano Fuji No.2’fruit.Treatment 1,treatment 3 and treatment 4 significantly increased the content of glucose and galactose in fruit.However,there was no significant difference in single fruit weight,vertical and horizontal meridians,fruit texture,soluble solids and total acid between‘Nagano Fuji No.2’and CK under different mulching and hormone treatments.The results showed that a combination of irrigation+whitening+straw mulching+ABA 1000μmol/L was effective in delaying the early flowering stage of‘Nagano Fuji No.2’for 3 days.This delay proved valuable in effectively preventing damage to flowering caused by late spring cold.This treatment significantly enhances the color index,glucose and galactose content of fruits.Compared with other treatments,it proved to be the most suitable approach for preventing flowering freezing injury in production.

关 键 词：长富2号 冻害 花期延迟 开花期 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]