不同灌水施肥条件对苹果生长发育及产量品质的影响  

Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Conditions on Growth,Yield and Quality of Apple

作　　者：刘萍 艾晨曦 邹养军[1] LIU Ping;AI Chenxi;ZOU Yangjun(College of Horticulture,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《陕西农业科学》2023年第10期81-86,108,共7页Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家苹果产业技术体系项目(CASR-27)。

摘　　要：为筛选苹果生长发育所需的最佳灌水施肥组合,选取长势一致的11年生岩富10/M26为试验材料,设置2个施肥量:F1(0 kg/hm^(2))、F2(施肥量1050 kg/hm^(2):20-20-20平衡型水溶肥);设置4个灌水量:零灌水W1(0 m^(3)/hm^(2))、低水W2(74.4 m^(3)/hm^(2))、中水W3(148.8 m^(3)/hm^(2))、高水W4(223.2 m^(3)/hm^(2)),共8个处理,灌水施肥方式为条施,在苹果生长发育过程中进行3次灌水施肥。结果表明,F2W4的产量最高,为14237.71 kg/hm^(2),较F1W1(对照)的产量增加了26.68%,F2W4处理收益最高,纯收益为8.02万元/hm^(2),较F1W1(对照)处理纯收益净增1.04万元/hm^(2)。灌水施肥对果实品质有显著的影响,表现为:果实红绿指数a*在F2W3处理最高,说明该处理下果实能较好的着色。可溶性糖在F2W3处最高,为15.86%,F2W3的可滴定酸最低,为0.24%。F2W3处理果肉硬度最低,为2.22 kg/cm^(2)。经对果树产量、果实品质、节水等方面综合考虑,施肥中水(F2W3)为本研究较优的苹果灌水施肥组合。To screen the optimal irrigation and fertilization combination for apple growth and development,11-year-old uniformly vigorous trees of the variety"Yanfu10/M26"were chosen as experimental materials.Two fertilization levels were set:F1(0 kg/hm^(2))and F2(fertilization at 1050 kg/hm^(2)with a balanced 20-20-20 water-soluble fertilizer).Four irrigation levels were set up:no irrigation W1(0 m^(3)/hm^(2)),low irrigation W2(74.4 m^(3)/hm^(2)),moderate irrigation W3(148.8 m^(3)/hm^(2)),and high irrigation W4(223.2 m^(3)/hm^(2)),which resulted in a total of 8 treatments.The irrigation and fertilization were applied in rows three times during the apple growth and development.The results showed that F2W4 had the highest yield(14237.71 kg/hm^(2)),which increased by 26.68%compared with F1W1(control),F2W4 treatment had the highest net benefit of 80,200 yuan/hm^(2),which was a net increase of 10.400 yuan/hm^(2)compared with F1W1(control)treatment.Irrigation and fertilization had significant effects on fruit quality as follows:F2W3 treatment had the lowest pulp hardness(2.22 kg/cm^(2)).The fruit red and green index a*was the highest under F2W3 treatment,indicating that the fruit could be better colored under this treatment.The ratio of soluble sugar was the highest under F2W3 treatment,which were 15.86%.Considering fruit tree yield,fruit quality,and water-saving aspects,the moderate irrigation with(F2W3)was identified as the preferred apple irrigation and fertilization combination in this study.

关 键 词：灌水 施肥 生长发育 产量 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]