种植方式和种植年限对五指毛桃植株生物量和矿质元素含量的影响  

Effects of Planting Patterns and Planting Years on Biomass and Min-eral Element Content of Ficus hirta Vahl

作　　者：袁淑娜[1] 涂寒奇 潘剑[1] 黄坚雄[1] 王秀全[1] YUAN Shuna;TU Hanqi;PAN Jian;HUANG Jianxiong;WANG Xiuquan(Rubber Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Danzhou Investigation and Experiment Station of Tropical Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Research Center for Utilization of Under-forest Resources,Danzhou,Hainan 571737,China)

机构地区：[1]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所/农业农村部儋州热带作物科学观测试验站/中国热带农业科学院林下资源综合利用研究中心,海南儋州571737

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2023年第10期2043-2050,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.320MS110);海南省重点研发专项(No.ZDYF2020067);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(No.1630022021004)。

摘　　要：为明确五指毛桃植株矿质营养构成,充分利用五指毛桃生产中的副产物,提高五指毛桃种植的经济效益,增加养殖业饲料来源,本研究对胶园林下间作和单作种植条件下一年生和两年生五指毛桃植株(叶片、茎秆和果实)的生物量和矿质元素含量进行分析。结果表明:(1)五指毛桃地上部分生物量范围在3.06~9.22 t/hm^(2)之间,表现为单作>间作,两年生>一年生;间作条件下五指毛桃叶生物量占比增加,茎生物量占比降低,林下间作两年生五指毛桃植株以果实发育为主,果实生物量占比较一年生增加99.64%。(2)五指毛桃植株叶片中N、Ca、Mg、Mn含量较高,果实中P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量较高,茎秆中Zn、Cu含量较高;两年生五指毛桃植株N、P、K、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu含量均显著高于一年生,但Zn含量显著下降,Ca含量一年生和两年生植株无显著差异;橡胶林下间作可增加五指毛桃植株中N、K、Mg、Mn、Cu、Zn含量,降低P、Ca、Fe含量。(3)五指毛桃植株矿质营养丰富,叶片和果实中矿质元素含量高于茎秆,林下种植可以提高植株N、K、Mg、Cu和Zn总含量,降低Ca和Fe总含量;常量元素中钾含量最高,磷含量最低,五指毛桃叶片、茎秆和果实中钙磷比在1.52~4.84之间;微量元素中,Mn含量最高,Cu含量最低。本研究结果显示,五指毛桃植株叶片和果实矿质元素含量高于茎秆,两年生植株矿质营养优于一年生,林下间作会改变其植株矿质营养组成。从矿质营养组成看,五指毛桃植株不适合单独饲喂,可作为饲料添加剂替代部分粗饲料,节约饲料成本。This study aimed to investigate the mineral nutrient composition,improve the economic benefits of Ficus hirta Vahl(FH)planting and increase the feed source for the animal farming.The biomass and mineral elements content in leaf,stem and fruit of one-year and two-year-old FH plants intercropped with rubber tree and monoculture was ana-lyzed in the study.The results showed that the aboveground biomass of FH ranged from 3.06 to 9.22 t/hm^(2),which showing monoculture>intercropping,biennial>annual.Intercropping increased the leaf biomass of FH and decreased the stem biomass.Two-year-old intercropping FH plant was mainly fruit development and the fruit biomass was signifi-cantly increased by 99.64%.Aboveground plants of FH was rich in mineral elements.The content of mineral elements in leaves and fruits was higher than that in stems.Intercropping under the rubber plantation increased the contents of N,K,Mg,Mn,Cu and Zn,and reduced the contents of Ca and Fe.In the macroelements,the content of K was the highest and P content was the lowest.The ratio of Ca to P in leaves,stems and fruits was between 1.52 and 4.84.In the micro-elements,the content of Mn was the highest and Cu content was the lowest.The content of mineral elements in leaves and fruits of FH was higher than that in stems.The mineral nutrition of two-year plants was better than that of one-year plants.Intercropping under forests would change the mineral nutrition composition of plants.The FH plant was not suitable for feeding alone according to its mineral nutrient composition.But it could be used as a feed additive to re-place part of roughage and save feed cost.

关 键 词：五指毛桃 生物量分配 矿质元素含量 间作 

分 类 号：S668.3[农业科学—果树学]