济南地区杨小舟蛾年发生世代及灾变规律探析  

Investigation on the Quantity of the Annual Generation of Micromelalopha sieversi and the Analysis of Its Outbreak Pattern in Jinan

作　　者：闫家河 夏宝训 张秋梅 卢明 赵燕 高丙东 刘洪彬 孙振国 杨启萌 梁玉婷 YAN Jiahe;XIA Baoxun;ZHANG Qiumei;LU Ming;ZHAO Yan;GAO Bingdong;LIU Hongbin;SUN Zhenguo;YANG Qimeng;LIANG Yutin(Forestry Conservation and Development Center of Shanghe County,Shanghe Shandong 251600;Meteorological Bureau of Shanghe County,Shanghe Shandong 251600;Wildlife Protection Station of Shandong province,Jinan 250014;Jinan Academy of Landscape Architecture and Forestry,Jinan 250102;Urban Administration Bureau of Shanghe County,Shanghe Shandong 251600)

机构地区：[1]商河县林业保护和发展中心,济南商河251600 [2]商河县气象局,济南商河251600 [3]山东省野生动植物保护站,山东济南250014 [4]济南市园林和林业科学研究院,山东济南250102 [5]商河县城市管理局,济南商河251600

出　　处：《山东林业科技》2023年第5期1-13,共13页Journal of Shandong Forestry Science and Technology

摘　　要：根据商河县2013—2022年杨小舟蛾Micromelalopha sieversi成虫灯诱监测结果,确认杨小舟蛾在山东商河1a发生4~5代,个别年份发生6代;越冬代成虫始见期多在3月下旬,末代成虫结束期多在10月中旬,越冬代至第4代成虫高峰期的集中日分别为5月3日、6月7日、7月13日、8月6日、9月2日;确认螟黄赤眼蜂Trichogramma chilonis寄生杨小舟蛾卵,愈腹茧蜂Phanerotoma sp.、螟蛉盘绒茧蜂Cotesia ruficrus寄生杨小舟蛾幼虫;鉴定并命名济南地区杨小舟蛾幼虫致死病毒为杨小舟蛾颗粒体病毒山东毒株(MisiGV-SD)。根据商河县2012—2022年杨小舟蛾发生面积、危害程度、幼虫密度、天敌种类、寄生控制率、成虫灯诱等调查监测结果,结合2011—2022年商河县气象监测资料,探索分析杨小舟蛾主要灾变原因与发生规律:(1)持续高温、干旱及长无雨期极利于幼虫生长发育;(2)低温、大风和强降水是显著降低第1代虫口密度的重要因素;(3)杨小舟蛾颗粒体病毒传播流行是控制成灾的关键因素;(4)7—8月降雨量基本决定全年发生态势;(5)黑卵蜂Telenomus sp.和螟黄赤眼蜂对第4~5代卵具有较强控制作用;(6)灯诱蛾量是预测发生程度的重要指标;(7)5月中下旬飞防喷施20%除虫脲悬浮剂可有效控制杨小舟蛾全年基本不成灾。According to the monitoring results of the adult Micromelalopha sieversi(Staudinger,1892)in Shanghe County from 2013~2022,it was confirmed that four to five generations per year occur in this area,sometimes with six generations;adults of the overwintering generation mostly begin to occur in late March,and that of the last generation mostly ends in mid-October.The flying peaks of the overwintering generation to the 4th generation occur on 3rd May,7th June,13 July,6th August and 2nd September,respectively.it was confirmed that Trichogramma chilonis parasitized the eggs of M.sieversi,and Phanerotoma sp.and Cotesia ruficrus parasitized the larva.The virus that causes the death of the larva of M.sieversi in Jinan was identified and named as Micromelalopha sieversi granulovirus-SD(MisiGV-SD).Based on the monitoring results of the occurrence area,damage level,larval density,natural enemy,parasitic control rate and light trap investigation in Shanghe County from 2012~2022,combined with the meteorological monitoring data of Shanghe County from 2011-2022,we analyzed the main causes and occurrence patterns of M.sieversi:(l)persistent high temperature,drought and long rainless period are very favorable to larval growth and development;(2)low temperature,high wind and strong precipitation are important factors to significantly reduce the population density of the lst generation;(3)the spread of MisiGV-SD is a key factor to control the outbreak of the pest;(4)the amount of rainfall in July and August largely determines the occurrence of the whole year;(5)Telenomus sp.and Trichogramma chilonis have strong control on the eggs of the 4th-5th generations;(6)the amount of moth individuals trapped by light is an important indicator to predict the occurrence level;(7)the aerial spraying of 20%Diflubenzuron suspension in mid-to late-May can effectively get rid of the outbreak throughout the year.

关 键 词：杨小舟蛾 世代 灾变规律 灯诱 气象条件 杨小舟蛾颗粒体病毒山东毒株 

分 类 号：S763.42[农业科学—森林保护学]