广东海陵岛海域海水、沉积物和生物体中重金属污染评价  

Evaluation of heavy metals pollution in seawater,marine sediments and marine organisms in Hailing island areas,Guangdong

作　　者：罗满华 肖凯 李海龙 林德倍 LUO Manhua;XIAO Kai;LI Hailong;LIN Debei(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;Hailing Island Nation Wetland Park of Mangrove Forest,Yangjiang,529500,China)

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学环境科学与工程学院,广东深圳518055 [2]海陵岛红树林国家湿地公园管护中心,广东阳江529500

出　　处：《海洋湖沼通报》2023年第3期82-90,共9页Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42177046);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金自然科学基金(2022A1515010572)。

摘　　要：基于2017年秋季和2018年春季对广东海陵岛海域海水、底质沉积物和海洋生物的现场调查,本文分析了海洋生物不同季节分布特征,并采用单因子污染指数法和生物富集系数法对其重金属污染程度进行评价。结果表明:海陵岛海域海洋生物主要分为鱼类、甲壳类和头足类,各生物种类数排序为鱼类>甲壳类>头足类。生物个体数鱼类春季大于秋季,甲壳类春季小于秋季,头足类春秋季相当。海水和沉积物中重金属污染程度普遍低于海洋生物。海水和沉积物中重金属除海水中Zn超过了海水水质一类标准外,其他重金属含量均未超标。春季海洋生物体所含重金属大于秋季,甲壳类所含重金属大于鱼类。甲壳类重金属污染程度排序春季为Cd>Cu>Pb>Hg,秋季为Cd>Cu>Hg>Pb。甲壳类富集重金属的能力均高于鱼类,春秋季甲壳类对于重金属的富集能力排序为Cd>Cu>Hg>Zn>Pb,春季鱼类对于重金属的富集能力排序为Hg>Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb,秋季鱼类对于重金属的富集能力排序为Hg>Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb。Based on two seasonal field surveys of seawater,marine sediments and marine organisms in autumn 2017 and spring 2018 in Hailing island,Guangdong,the distribution characteristics of marine organisms and their pollution degree of heavy metals were investigated using the methods of single factor index and enrichment factor analysis in marine organisms.Results showed that there were three main types of marine organisms in Hailing island areas,including fishes,crustaceans and cephalopod,and their specie number was sorted as fishes>crustaceans>cephalopod.The total number of fishes in spring was greater than that in autumn,but it was on the contrary for the crustaceans.The cephalopod did not show temporal variations.The pollution degree of heavy metals in seawater and sediments were lower than in marine organisms.The heavy metals(Hg,Cu,Cd,Zn and Pb)in seawater except Zn and sediments fell within the National Seawater Quality Standard I and Marine Sediment Quality I,respectively.The concentrations of heavy metals in the marine organisms in spring were greater than that in autumn,and the heavy metals of marine organisms in crustaceans were greater than that in fishes.The pollution degree of heavy metals in crustaceans sorted as Cd>Cu>Pb>Hg in spring and Cd>Cu>Hg>Pb in autumn.The average enrichment capacity of heavy metals was higher in crustaceans than that in fishes.The enrichment capacity of heavy metals for crustaceans sorted as Cd>Cu>Hg>Zn>Pb in two seasons.The enrichment capacity of heavy metals for fishes sorted as Hg>Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb in spring and Hg>Cu>Zn>Cd>Pb in autumn.

关 键 词：海洋生物体 重金属 富集能力 甲壳类 海陵岛 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]