组织驻留型记忆T细胞:疫苗设计的新方向  

Tissue Resident Memory T Cells:A New Direction for Vaccine Design

作　　者：陈斯淼 邢莹莹[1] CHEN Si-miao;XING Ying-ying(School of Life Science and Technology,China Pharmaceutical University,Nanjing 210009,China)

机构地区：[1]中国药科大学生命科学与技术学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《药物生物技术》2023年第4期420-425,共6页Pharmaceutical Biotechnology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(No.81971562)。

摘　　要：免疫记忆的诱导是适应性免疫的核心,也是疫苗设计的基石。组织驻留型记忆T细胞(T_(RM))是T细胞的一个特殊子集,驻留于非淋巴器官中,是屏障部位的第一道防线,可以在再次遭遇同源抗原后迅速激活。由于T_(RM)具有在外周非淋巴组织中长期稳定驻留的优势,在抗感染和癌症的局部免疫保护中起着至关重要的作用。目前诱导T_(RM)产生正在成为下一代疫苗设计的新目标。越来越多的案例显示疫苗接种可在局部诱导T_(RM)为机体提供高效的免疫保护。多种内在和外在的信号都被证明可调控T_(RM)的分化与发育,驱动T_(RM)形成的具体因素因不同组织而异。对T_(RM)异质性和形成机制的深入探讨对优化疫苗接种参数,开发更高效安全的疫苗具有指导意义。文章讨论了T_(RM)的驻留特征、分化发育需求以及在疫苗研究领域的研究进展,强调组织来源因子、局部抗原和佐剂在疫苗接种过程中对T_(RM)细胞生成的作用,以期为更高效的疫苗设计提供理论基础与新思路。The induction of immunological memory is central to adaptive protective immunity and is the cornerstone of effective vac⁃cine design.Tissue resident memory T cells(T_(RM))are a specialized subset of T cells that reside in nonlymphoid organs,serving as first line of defense at barrier sites,and that can rapidly reactivate following cognate antigen encounter.T_(RM)play a crucial role in local immune protection against infections and cancer due to their advantage of long⁃term stable residence in peripheral nonlymphoid tissues.Inducing T_(RM)generation is a new target for next⁃generation vaccine design.More and more cases show that vaccination can locally induce T_(RM)to provide efficient immune protection for the body.A variety of internal and external signals have been proved to regulate the differentiation and development of T_(RM),and the specific factors driving the formation of T_(RM)vary with different tissues.The in⁃depth exploration of the heterogeneity and formation mechanism of T_(RM)is instructive for optimizing vaccination parameters and developing more effective and safe vaccines.Here,the authors discuss the resident characteristics of T_(RM),their developmental require⁃ments for differentiation,and recent advances in the field of vaccine research,emphasizing the role of tissuederived factors,local anti⁃gen,and adjuvants on T_(RM)cell generation,in order to provided theoretical basis and new ideas for developing vaccines with better therapeutic effects.

关 键 词：组织驻留型记忆T细胞 疫苗 保护性免疫 抗感染 外周免疫 免疫记忆 T细胞发育 

分 类 号：R943[医药卫生—药剂学]