计入结构柔性的风电齿轮箱行星轮系动力学特性研究  

Study on dynamics characteristics of planetary gear train in wind turbine gearboxes considering flexible structures

作　　者：谭建军[1] 李浩[1] 冉峯 朱才朝[1] 宋朝省[1] 李祖锋 TAN Jian‑jun;LI Hao;RAN Feng;ZHU Cai‑chao;SONG Chao‑sheng;LI Zu‑feng(State Key Laboratory of Mechanical Transmission,Chongqing University,Chongqing 400044,China;National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆大学机械传动国家重点实验室,重庆400044 [2]重庆工商大学智能制造服务国际科技合作基地,重庆400067

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2023年第5期1191-1203,共13页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2020YFB1506600);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52105050);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2020M673125)。

摘　　要：针对常规梁/壳单元无法考虑复杂构件几何特征、计算精度低和大规模有限元计算量大、系统级建模与动态分析困难的问题,提出一种计入结构柔性的行星轮系变速动力学建模方法。以某型5 MW级风电齿轮箱低速级行星轮系为研究对象,根据内齿圈结构及边界特征,采用有限元缩聚理论建立内齿圈轮齿与弹性支撑的耦合关系,通过引入啮合副变速表征变量和内齿圈虚拟振动线位移,将驱动轮转角与行星轮系多轮齿啮合状态进行关联,并计入行星架和太阳轮轴柔性,利用界面位移协调条件将各构件耦合,建立行星轮系变速动力学模型。研究结果表明,当5个行星轮受力平衡时,内齿圈轮齿节点瞬态变形整体呈“五角星”形状,并随着行星架旋转;行星轮系轮齿动载荷先增大后减小,变化趋势与单对齿啮合刚度相似;稳态工况下的内齿圈轮齿节点振动位移呈现大幅低频波动和高频振动的叠加特征;输入扭矩突变会破坏多个行星轮之间的动载荷平衡,而柔性内齿圈可在一定程度上吸收部分因冲击载荷引起的构件振动,提高了均载性能。The conventional beam/shell elements cannot consider complex geometric features of components,leading to low calcu-lation accuracy.Besides,the finite element calculation has a large amount of computation and its system-scaled modeling and dy-namic analysis are difficult.For the abovementioned problems,a variable speed modeling method for the planetary gear train is pro-posed.Taking the planetary gear train in the low-speed stage of a 5MW wind turbine gearbox as the research object,the coupling relationship between the ring gear and its elastic support is established by using finite element condensation theory based on the ring gear structure and its boundary characteristics.The rotation angle of the driving gear is associated with the meshing states of gear teeth in the planetary gear train by introducing the characteristic variables for describing the variable speed process of meshing gear pairs and virtual vibration line displacement of ring gear.Considering the flexibilities of the carrier and sun gear shaft,a dynamic model of the planetary gear train that is suitable for describing the variable speed process is established by coupling each component with the compatibility of interface displacements.The results show that when the loaded five planet gears reach equilibrium,the transient deformations of all ring gear tooth nodes are presented as the shape of a pentagram and rotate with the carrier.The dynam-ic tooth load of the planetary gears increases first and then decreases,which is similar to the meshing stiffness of a single tooth pair.Under steady condition,the vibration displacement of ring gear tooth node shows the superposition characteristics of large low-fre-quency fluctuation and high-frequency vibration.When the input torque is suddenly changed,the dynamic load balance between multiple planets will be destroyed,and the flexible ring gear can absorb part of the component’s vibration caused by impact load to a certain extent,and improve the load sharing performance.

关 键 词：机械动力学 风电齿轮箱 行星轮系 结构柔性 内齿圈 

分 类 号：TH113.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论] TH132.422