卡固件固定馆藏文物的抗震效果及优化设计研究  

Seismic effect and optimal design of fixing cultural relics by fasteners

作　　者：王萌[1] 李孟青 葛家琪 马伯涛 杨维国[1] WANG Meng;LI Meng-qing;GE Jia-qi;MA Bo-tao;YANG Wei-guo(Department of Architectural Engineering,School of Civil and Architectural Engineering,University of Beijing Jiaotong,Beijing 100044,China;China Aviation Planning and Design Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学土木建筑工程学院建工系,北京100044 [2]中国航空规划设计研究总院有限公司,北京100120

出　　处：《振动工程学报》2023年第5期1356-1370,共15页Journal of Vibration Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2019YFC1521000)。

摘　　要：为评估博物馆中最常用的卡固件措施对馆藏文物的抗震固定效果并对此措施进行优化设计,开展较大尺寸、不同体型的典型地震易损文物复制品(瓷器梅瓶)-固定措施抗震系统在不同工况下的振动台试验,获得影响文物复制品运动状态的关键体型参数,并探讨采用独立卡固件固定较大尺寸文物的抗震有效性。基于试验结果,建立文物-固定措施抗震系统数值预测方法,开展关键影响因素的参数分析,获得地震作用下能够有效固定不同体型文物所需的最小卡固件尺寸,为兼顾安全性及最小干预原则的固定措施优化设计提供必要依据。结果表明:相比圆柱卡固件,随形卡固件可以有效固定更大尺寸的文物;对于重心位置较高的不均匀分布体型文物,高度、轮廓宽度、底面直径(面积)会显著影响其动力响应与相互作用行为,轮廓宽度/底面直径以及高度/底面直径越大摇摆响应越明显;为保证文物安全,建议卡固件与文物间安装缝隙不大于2 mm;在缝隙中填充橡胶垫及硅胶垫可使文物与卡固件间相互作用力降低60%~70%,有效防止文物受到局部损害;当文物体型超过一定限值时,独立卡固法不再适用,建议采取卡固件+鱼线组合固定措施;采用圆柱卡固件固定后与纯浮放状态相比摇摆响应增加的文物,宜采用随形卡固件或组合固定措施。In order to investigate the seismic effect and optimal design of fixing cultural relics by the most commonly used fasteners in the museum,the shaking table tests are carried out on the typical large fragile cultural relics replicas with different shapes(porce-lain vase)fixed by fasteners under different working conditions.The key geometric parameters affecting the motion state of cultural relics replicas are obtained and the seismic effectiveness of the independent fasteners on larger cultural relics is discussed.Based on the test results,numerical methods are established for seismic systems of cultural relics with fixing measures,and the parametric analyses of key influencing factors are carried out to obtain the minimum sizes of fasteners required to effectively fix cultural relics with different sizes under earthquake actions.It provides the necessary basis for optimal design of fixing measures in consideration of safety and minimum intervention principle.The results show that the conformal fasteners could effectively fix larger-size cultural relics compared with cylindrical fasteners.For the cultural relics with uneven body and high center of gravity,the height,outline width and bottom diameter(area)significantly affecte their dynamic responses and the interaction behavior.The larger outline width/bottom diameter and height/bottom diameter,the more obvious swing responses will be observed.To ensure the safety of cultural relics,it is recommended that the gap between fasteners and cultural relics should not be larger than 2 mm.Adding rubber pads or silicone pads could reduce the interaction force between cultural relics and fasteners by 60%~70%,which effectively pre-vented the cultural relics from being damaged.In the case of the size of cultural relics exceeded a certain limit,the independent fas-tener method is no longer applicable,and it is suggested to adopt combining fixing measures(fasteners and fishing lines).For the cultural relics in the case of larger swing responses fixed with cylindrical fasteners

关 键 词：抗震效果 馆藏文物 卡固件 试验研究 优化设计 

分 类 号：TU352.1[建筑科学—结构工程]