不同磷钾肥施用水平下夏玉米花前叶片临界氮浓度稀释曲线与氮营养诊断研究  

Establishment of critical nitrogen concentration model and nitrogen nutrient diagnosis for summer maize(Zea mays L.)leaves at vegetative growth stage under different phosphorus and potassium application rates

作　　者：刘栋 张川 任昊 王洪章 赵斌[1] 张吉旺[1] 任佰朝 张永丽[1] 刘鹏[1] LIU Dong;ZHANG Chuan;REN Hao;WANG Hong-Zhang;ZHAO Bin;ZHANG Ji-Wang;REN Bai-Zhao;ZHANG Yong-Li;LIU Peng(State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology,Shandong Agricultural University/College of Agriculture,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室/山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《作物学报》2023年第12期3328-3341,共14页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(LJNY202103);山东省现代农业产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-02-08);山东省重大科技创新工程计划项目(2021CXGC010804-05)资助。

摘　　要：依托山东省东平县农业科学研究所自2010年设立的长期定位试验平台采取裂区试验设计(主区为磷肥,裂区钾肥,裂-裂区为氮肥,P_(2)O_(5)施入量为0、90、120和150 kg hm^(-2),分别用P_(0)、P_(1)、P_(2)和P_(3)表示;K_(2)O施入量为0、180、240和300 kg hm^(-2),分别用K0、K_(1)、K_(2)和K_(3)表示;纯氮施入量为0、180、240和300 kg hm^(-2),分别用N_(0)、N_(1)、N_(2)和N_(3)表示),于2020—2021年以登海605为试验材料,深入分析了养分施用量对夏玉米叶片干物质积累和氮浓度的影响,构建了夏玉米营养生长阶段叶片临界氮稀释曲线,探讨了不同养分投入量以氮营养指数模型诊断和评价夏玉米氮营养状况的可行性。结果表明:夏玉米花前叶片干物质积累量和氮浓度随氮、磷、钾素用量的增加呈上升趋势;叶片氮浓度随生育进程推进和叶片干物质积累呈下降趋势,表现出稀释现象。叶片干物质积累量和氮浓度变化可分为氮素限制和非氮素限制2组,据此分别构建了不同磷钾素用量下夏玉米叶片营养生长阶段临界氮浓度曲线模型:N_(LC0)=2.745 LDM^(–0.529),N_(LC1)=3.245 LDM^(–0.334),N_(LC2)=3.557 LDM^(–0.290),N_(LC3)=3.639 LDM^(–0.286)。相关分析表明基于临界氮浓度稀释曲线计算的氮营养指数与相对叶片干物质积累量、相对籽粒产量均呈极显著相关。结合相对叶片干物质积累量和相对籽粒产量与氮营养指数之间的线性加平台关系,可以很好地评价氮素限制和非氮素限制2种情况下的作物氮素营养状况。因此,利用夏玉米叶片营养生长阶段临界氮稀释曲线和氮营养指数可有效预测夏玉米营养生长阶段临界氮浓度,并表征夏玉米氮营养状况。The experiments were carried out on the long-term positioning experiment platform of Dongping Agricultural Research Institute since 2010.The split-plot experimental design was used with different P_(2)O_(5)input in the main plots and different K_(2)O input in the sub-plot and different N input in the sub-sub plots.The P_(2)O_(5)values were 0,90,120,and 150 kg hm^(-2),which were represented as P_(0),P_(1),P_(2),and P3,respectively.The K_(2)O was 0,180,240,and 300 kg hm^(-2),expressed in terms of K_(0),K_(1),K_(2),and K_(3),respectively.The N was 0,180,240,and 300 kg hm^(-2),denoted as N_(0),N_(1),N_(2),and N_(3),respectively.From 2020 to 2021,Denghai 605 was used as the experimental material to deeply analyze the effect of nutrient application rate on dry matter and nitrogen concentration of summer maize leaves,aimed to build a critical nitrogen dilution curve for the nutrient growth stage of summer maize leaves,and explore the feasibility of diagnosing and evaluating nitrogen nutrition status of summer maize with nitrogen nutrition index model under different fertilizer application rates.The results showed that the dry matter and nitrogen concentration of summer maize leaves prior anthesis increased with the increment of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizer application.The nitrogen concentration in leaves decreased with the growth process and the accumulation of leaves dry matter,showing a dilution phenomenon.The variations of leaves dry matter and nitrogen concentration could be divided into two groups:nitrogen limitation and non-nitrogen limitation.Further,the curve model of critical nitrogen concentration at the vegetative growth stage of summer maize leaves under different phosphorus and potassium levels was constructed:N_(LC0)=2.745 LDM^(–0.529),N_(LC1)=3.245 LDM^(–0.334),N_(LC2)=3.557 LDM^(–0.290),N_(LC3)=3.639 LDM^(–0.286).Nitrogen nutrition index was calculated based on the critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve,which was highly significantly related to the relative leaves dry matt

关 键 词：夏玉米 叶片氮浓度 临界氮稀释曲线 氮营养指数 氮营养诊断 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]