电火花沉积技术研究与应用进展  

Progress in Research and Application of Electro-spark Deposition Technology

作　　者：张建斌[1] 朱程 ZHANG Jianbin;ZHU Cheng(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Reuse of Nonferrous Metals,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室,兰州730050

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第21期217-230,共14页Materials Reports

摘　　要：电火花沉积(ESD)技术是一种材料表面改性与修复技术,具有热输入低、涂层与基体结合强度高、柔性加工性好的特点,在新材料、电力、航空、军工等行业中得到广泛应用。本文首先介绍了电火花沉积技术的发展历程和沉积机理,综述了电参数、物理参数和环境变量三类影响电火花沉积过程和沉积质量的主要因素。电参数即电源系统,包括沉积电压、沉积电容和沉积频率,通过热输入表征;物理参数包括沉积角度、沉积压力、电极旋转速度和比沉积时间,通过沉积过程中的沉积材料转移和电弧行为表征;环境变量包括电极直径、保护介质和沉积基材,通过沉积界面行为表征。其次,聚焦于电火花沉积技术制备传统涂层和先进材料涂层修复电厂设备、模具以及军事装备等的应用。最后,针对电火花沉积技术存在自动化程度不高和结果重复性差等不足,提出了未来研究方向,展望了发展前景。Electro-spark deposition(ESD)technology is a material surface modification and repair technology,it has the characteristics of low heat input,high bonding strength between coating and substrate,and good flexibility,it is widely used in new materials,electric power,aviation,military industry and other industries.Firstly,this paper introduces the development history and deposition mechanism of ESD technology,and summarizes the three main factors that affect the deposition process and deposition quality of ESD,including electrical parameters,physical parameters and environmental variables.Electrical parameters are the power system,including deposition voltage,deposition capacitance and de-position frequency,characterized by heat input;physical parameters include deposition angle,deposition pressure,electrode rotation speed and specific deposition time,characterized by deposition material transfer and arc behavior during the deposition process;environmental variables include electrode diameter,protective medium and deposition substrate,characterized by deposition interface behavior.Secondly,it focuses on the application of electric spark deposition technology to prepare traditional coatings and advanced material coatings,and repair power plant equipment,molds and military equipment.Finally,in view of the lack of automation and poor reproducibility of the results of the ESD deposition technology,the research directions in the future are proposed,and the development prospects are prospected.

关 键 词：电火花沉积 电参数 物理参数 环境变量 

分 类 号：TG174[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]