SiO_(2)气凝胶@聚合物复合材料的制备方法及性能研究进展  

Progress in Preparation and Properties of SiO_(2)Aerogel@Polymer Composites

作　　者：张星星 高相东[2] 董余兵[1] 段灯 李效民[2] ZHANG Xingxing;GAO Xiangdong;DONG Yubing;DUAN Deng;LI Xiaomin(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China;State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure,Shanghai Institute of Ceramics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai 200050,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学材料科学与工程学院,杭州310018 [2]中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所高性能陶瓷与超微结构国家重点实验室,上海200050

出　　处：《材料导报》2023年第21期268-278,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：科技部重点研发计划(2016YFA0201103);山东泰山产业领军人才资助项目(2019TSCYCX-32)。

摘　　要：SiO_(2)气凝胶@聚合物复合材料融合了SiO_(2)气凝胶纳米多孔、低热导、耐高温特性及聚合物柔韧、高强特性,可在微观尺度形成独特的有机无机互渗透结构,既克服了SiO_(2)气凝胶脆性大、强度低的固有缺陷,也增强了聚合物的隔热、耐高温、阻燃、疏水等功能,从而可用于需求高强、高韧、高效绝热、耐高温、阻燃、防火、超疏水等多种复合功能的应用场景,是当前气凝胶新材料领域的研究热点。本文从SiO_(2)气凝胶@聚合物复合材料的制备方法、组成与微观结构、物理化学性能三个角度综述了当前领域最新研究进展,涵盖了环氧树脂、聚氨酯、聚酰亚胺、聚乙烯醇、聚苯乙烯等常见聚合物体系,归纳总结了“共混法”“共前驱体法”“气凝胶或聚合物原位生长法”三种典型制备途径,分别从组成与结构、力学性能、热学性能、阻燃性能、疏水性能等方面,阐述了气凝胶@聚合物复合材料的结构与性能特点,分析了制备方法及气凝胶掺量等因素对复合材料体系结构与性能的影响规律。在此基础上,梳理了SiO_(2)气凝胶@聚合物复合材料当前研究存在的问题及未来可能的发展方向。SiO_(2) aerogel@polymer composites(APC)integrate the nanoporous feature,the low thermal conductivity and the high temperature resistance of SiO_(2) aerogels with the high flexibility and the high strength of polymers,possessing a special organic-inorganic interpenetrating structure at the microscopic scale.Thus the APC bears dual benefits,overcoming the inherent high brittleness and low strength of SiO_(2) aerogel,and enhancing the heat insulation,high temperature resistance,flame retardant and hydrophobicity of the polymer.These integrated properties of APC pave the way toward applications requiring multiple functions including high strength,high toughness,high thermal insulation,high temperature resistance,flame retardancy,fire resistance,and hydrophobicity,which renders APC a hotspot in the field of new aerogel materials.This paper reviews the latest research progress in the field from three perspectives:preparation methods,composition and microstructure,and physicochemical properties of SiO_(2) aerogel@polymer composites,including epoxy resin,poly-urethane,polyimide,polyvinyl alcohol,polystyrene and other common polymer systems.Three typical preparation methods of‘blending method’‘co-precursor method’and‘aerogel or polymer in-situ growth method’were summarized.The structure and properties of aerogel@polymer composites were described from the aspects of composition and microstructure,mechanical properties,thermal properties,flame retardant properties,hydrophobicity,etc.The influences of the preparation method and aerogels content on the structure and properties of composites were analyzed.Finally,the existing problems and possible future development of the current research were analyzed and prospected.

关 键 词：SiO_(2)气凝胶 聚合物 制备方法 物化性能 

分 类 号：TB332[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]