日粮添加缓释尿素对育肥湖羊瘤胃代谢和菌群结构的影响  

Effects of slow-release urea supplementation on rumen metabolism and microbial communities in fattening Hu sheep

作　　者：曹力文 阿不都沙拉木·亚森江 姜君 孙美杰 申军士 毛胜勇 朱伟云 CAO Liwen;ABUDUSHALAMU Yasenjiang;JIANG Jun;SUN Meijie;SHEN Junshi;MAO Shengyong;ZHU Weiyun(National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition/Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health/Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology,College of Animal Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)

机构地区：[1]国家动物消化道营养国际联合研究中心/江苏省消化道营养与动物健康重点实验室/南京农业大学动物科技学院消化道微生物研究室,江苏南京210095

出　　处：《畜牧与兽医》2023年第11期16-24,共9页Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32272897)。

摘　　要：旨在探究分别使用普通尿素和缓释尿素替代部分豆粕对育肥湖羊瘤胃代谢和瘤胃菌群结构的影响。选取15只安装有永久瘤胃瘘管的育肥公湖羊(25.7±1.3)kg,随机分到3个日粮处理组中的1个,分别为豆粕组(SBM)、普通尿素组(CU)和缓释尿素组(SRU)。试验预饲期2周,正式试验期4周。动态采集每只湖羊的静脉血、瘤胃液和瘤胃内容物,分别用于血液生化、瘤胃发酵参数和微生物菌群结构分析。结果显示,3组育肥湖羊的日增重、干物质采食量和饲料利用效率均无显著差异(P>0.05);CU组和SRU组的氨浓度显著高于SBM组(P<0.05),但相比于CU组,SRU组晨饲后瘤胃氨浓度峰值在数值上降低。相比于SBM和SRU组,CU组的丁酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05)。除丁酸外,三组湖羊其他各挥发性脂肪酸的浓度均无显著差异(P>0.05);相比于SBM组,SRU组湖羊的血清丙氨酸基转移酶水平显著升高(P<0.05),而CU组湖羊的血清碱性磷酸酶水平显著降低(P<0.05),但各项血液生化指标均在正常范围内;16S rRNA测序结果显示,晨饲后0、4 h不同处理组间的Chao 1指数和Shannon指数均无显著差异(P>0.05),主坐标分析结果显示3组湖羊的瘤胃菌群未显著分开(P>0.05)。各组的优势菌属均为Prevotella 1,Rikenellaceae_RC9 gut group和Christensenellaceae R-7 group,其中晨饲后0 h时普通尿素组琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)的相对丰度显著低于其余两组(P<0.05)。以上试验结果表明,使用普通尿素和缓释尿素部分替代豆粕不会改变育肥湖羊瘤胃菌群结构,相比于普通尿素,缓释尿素降低了瘤胃氨释放速率,维持了瘤胃氨浓度稳定,但没有表现出生产性能上的优势。This study was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing part of soybean meal with common urea and slow-release urea on rumen metabolism and microbial communities in fattening Hu sheep.Fifteen male Hu sheep(25.7±1.3)kg fitted with rumen cannulas were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments:the soybean meal group(SBM),the common urea group(CU)and the slow-release urea group(SRU).The experiment consisted of two weeks of adaptation followed by four weeks of dietary treatment.The samples of venous blood,rumen fluid and rumen contents of each Hu lamb were collected dynamically to measure their blood biochemical parameters,rumen fermentation parameter and microbial communities,respectively.The results showed that the average daily gain,DM intake and feed efficien⁃cy were not affected by dietary supplementations(P>0.05).Compared with the SBM group,the concentration of ammonia was significantly higher in the CU group and the SRU group(P<0.05).However,compared with the CU group,the SRU group had lower maximum concen⁃tration of ammonia numerically.The concentration of butyrate in the CU group was significantly lower than that in the SBM group and the SRU group(P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in the remaining VFAs(P>0.05).Compared with the SBM group,the ser⁃um alanine aminotransferase level was significantly increased in the SBM group(P<0.05),and the serum phosphatase level was significantly decreased in the CU group(P<0.05).However,the levels of blood biochemical parameters were within normal limits in all the groups.Based on the 16S rRNA sequencing results,no significant effects were observed in the Chao 1 index and Shannon index between different treatment groups(P>0.05),and the rumen microbial communities in them were not significantly separated based on the PCoA analysis(P>0.05).The dominant bacteria in the different diet treatment groups were Prevotella1,Rikenellaceae_RC9 gut group and Christensenellaceae R-7 group,and the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum in the

关 键 词：尿素 缓释尿素 生长性能 瘤胃发酵 瘤胃菌群结构 

分 类 号：S826[农业科学—畜牧学]