机械式漏播检测与补种装置设计与试验  

Design and test of mechanical leakage detection and reseeding device

作　　者：王宗源 明家锐 王其欢 张策 岳栋 耿端阳[1] Wang Zongyuan;Ming Jiarui;Wang Qihuan;Zhang Ce;Yue Dong;Geng Duanyang(School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo,255000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,山东淄博255000

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2023年第10期21-29,共9页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：山东省现代农业产业技术体系玉米产业创新团队项目(SDAIT—02—12)。

摘　　要：针对玉米播种作业过程中常出现的漏播问题,采用冗余设计方法,研究一种机械式漏播检测与补种装置。通过跨越式探种杆对主排种窝眼轮充种情况进行持续检测,并带动锁杆完成对补种装置锁定与解锁,实现漏播补种。设计一种新型探种杆结构,采用双压头结构的探种杆,提高漏播检测精度;优化检测装置结构参数,实现对补种装置的快速锁定与解锁;通过对补种装置进行运动分析,确定补种装置结构参数及同步补种条件,提高播种质量。结合理论分析,选取作业速度、探种角度和补种复位弹簧最大作用力为试验因素,以漏播指数与合格指数为性能指标进行单因素试验与正交试验。确定较优的参数组合:作业速度0.9 m/s,探种角度45°,复位弹簧最大作用力12 N。在该条件下漏播指数为3.4%,合格指数为94.5%,满足精量播种作业要求。Aiming at the problems of missed seeding in the process of corn sowing,a mechanical missing seeding detection and reseeding device was studied by using the redundancy design method.The seed filling of the main seed metering device was continuously detected through the spanning seed probe rod,and the locking rod was driven to lock and unlock the reseeding device,so as to realize reseeding.A new type of seed probe rod structure was designed,adopting the double-deck structure of the seed probe rod,to improve the precision of missed seeding detection.Optimizing the structural parameters of the detection device to realize the quick locking and unlocking of the reseeding device.Through the motion analysis of the reseeding device,the structural parameters of the reseeding device and the conditions for synchronous reseeding were determined to improve the seeding quality.Combined with the theoretical analysis,the single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out with speed of advance,seed exploration angle,and the maximum force of the reseeding return spring as the test factors,and the missed seeding index and qualified index as the performance indicators.The optimal parameter combination was determined as follows:the speed of advance was 0.9 m/s,the seed exploration angle was 45°,and the maximum force of the reseeding return spring was 12 N.Under this condition,the missed seeding index was 3.4%,and the qualified index was 94.5%,which could conform to the relevant national standards.

关 键 词：玉米 播种 漏播 机械检测 补种装置 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]