不同出苗水量对棉田土壤含盐量及棉花生育的影响  

Effects of different seedling emergence water on soil salt content and cotton growth

作　　者：万亚楠 邢植 石元强 王潭刚 王冀川[1] 李慧琴 马丽 李文君 吴冰荣 WAN Yanan;XING Zhi;SHI Yuanqiang;WANG Tangang;WANG Jichuan;LI Huiqin;MA Li;LI Wenjun;WU Bingrong(College of agriculture,Tarim University,Aral Xinjiang 843300,China;Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology of Third Division,Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Tumushuker Xinjiang 843901,China)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学农学院,新疆阿拉尔843300 [2]新疆生产建设兵团第三师农业科学研究所,新疆图木舒克843901

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第10期2352-2360,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团科技创新人才计划项目“小海子垦区机采棉植保无人机飞喷防控技术创新与示范”(2021CB054);新疆生产建设兵团第三师图木舒克市科技计划项目“基于物联网的棉花水肥一体化智慧管理系统示范”(KJ2022CG07);新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目南疆重点产业创新发展支撑计划“智慧施肥云工厂关键技术装备研发与示范”(2022DB002);塔里木大学校长基金-乡村振兴项目“棉花水肥智慧管理与无人机调控技术集成与示范”(TDZXZX202305)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究免冬灌、春灌条件下滴水出苗对新疆南疆棉田土壤盐分特征及棉花生长的影响。【方法】以新陆中67号为材料,设置3个出苗滴水量,分别为150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1))、300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2))和450 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3)),测定土壤pH及含盐量的动态变化、棉花出苗率、农艺性状、干物质积累特征及产量性状等指标。【结果】W_(3)、W_(2)和W_(1)处理的表层土壤pH在出苗期分别比播种期降低了0.57、0.43和0.19,含盐量分别降低了44.19%、38.70%和28.72%,但在盛蕾期以后洗盐效果逐渐下降。W_(2)处理的出苗率最高达87.31%,较W_(3)、W_(1)分别增加了11.44和5.78百分点。出苗水量越大,棉株农艺性状指标值越大,W_(3)处理的株高和茎粗较W_(2)、W_(1)分别增加了2.71%、8.31%和5.15%、8.19%,W_(3)处理的平均叶面积指数较W_(2)、W_(1)分别增加了7.57%、11.46%。W_(3)处理的地上部总干物质积累量较W_(2)、W_(1)分别增加了5.44%、7.75%,茎干物质分配系数表现为W_(1)>W_(2)>W_(3),叶和生殖器官干物质分配系数表现为W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1)。出苗水量对单株铃数有一定影响,对铃重和衣分影响不大,W_(3)处理的单株铃数、铃重和衣分最大,但W_(2)处理的收获密度最大,W_(2)处理的产量最高,但与W_(3)处理无显著差异。【结论】较高的出苗水量能明显降低出苗期土壤表层pH值和含盐量,促进棉株生长和干物质的有效积累,有利于单株产量构成因素的形成,但灌水量过高会影响出苗率,300~450 m^(3)/hm^(2)的出苗滴水量棉花产量较高。【Objective】This study aims to study the effects of drip seedling emergence on soil salt characteristics and cotton growth in cotton field in southern Xinjiang under the condition of no irrigation in winter and spring.【Methods】Xinluzhong 67 was taken as the test material,three seedling emergence water quantities,150 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(1)),300 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(2))and 450 m^(3)/hm^(2)(W_(3))respectively,were set to observe the dynamic changes of soil pH and salt content,cotton seedling emergence rate,agronomic characters,dry matter accumulation characteristics and yield characteristics.【Results】The pH of topsoil treated with W_(3),W_(2) and W_(1) decreased by 0.57,0.43 and 0.19,respectively at the seedling stage,and the salt content decreased by 44.19%,38.70%and 28.72%,respectively,but the salt washing effect decreased gradually after the full bud stage.The emergence rate of W_(2) treatment was 87.31%,which increased by 11.44 and 5.78 percentage points respectively compared with W_(3) and W_(1).The greater the amount of seedling emergence water,the greater the index value of cotton agronomic characters.The plant height and stem diameter of W_(3) treatment increased by 2.71%,8.31%and 5.15%,8.18%,respectively compared with W_(2) and W_(1).The average leaf area index(LAI)of W_(3) treatment increased by 7.57%and 11.46%,respectively compared with W_(2) and W_(1).The total dry matter accumulation of shoot treated with W_(3) increased by 5.55%and 7.75%,respectively compared with W_(2) and W_(1).The dry matter distribution coefficient of stem was W_(1)>W_(2)>W_(3),and that of leaf and reproductive organ was W_(3)>W_(2)>W_(1).The amount of seedling emergence water had a certain impact on the number of bolls per plant,but had little impact on the boll weight and lint percentage.The number of bolls per plant,boll weight and lint percentage of W_(3) treatment were the largest,but the harvested density of W_(2) treatment was the largest,and the final yield of W_(2) treatment was the highest,but there was no significant d

关 键 词：棉花 滴水出苗 滴水量 盐分含量 农艺性状 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]