不同水分处理干播湿出水热盐效应对棉花出苗率的影响  

Study on the effects of different water treatments on the emergence rate of cotton

作　　者：丁宇 张江辉 白云岗 赵经华[1] 郑明 刘洪波 肖军 韩政宇 DING Yu;ZHANG Jianghui;BAI Yungang;ZHAO Jinghua;ZHENG Ming;LIU Hongbo;XIAO Jun;HAN Zhengyu(School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Xinjiang Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower,Urumqi 830049,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆水利水电科学院,乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第10期2380-2389,共10页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大专项“棉田高效节水技术及产品开发集成与应用”(2020A01002-1);新疆院士工作站合作研究项目(2020.D-004);农业农村部盐碱土改良与利用(干旱半干旱区盐碱地)重点实验室。

摘　　要：【目的】研究适合双膜覆盖条件下棉花干播湿出的灌溉方案。【方法】在新疆阿克苏市沙雅县设置大田试验,设计3个灌水定额处理(S_(1):675 m^(3)/hm(2),S_(2):900 m^(3)/hm(2),S_(3):1125 m^(3)/hm(2))、2个滴水频次处理(S_(4):675 m^(3)/hm(2)+450 m^(3)/hm(2),S 5:675 m^(3)/hm(2)+300 m^(3)/hm(2)+150 m^(3)/hm(2))和1个冬灌对照处理(CK:2700 m^(3)/hm(2)),共6个处理。分析不同灌溉定额及滴水频次对土壤水盐运移、水热效应及出苗率的影响。【结果】(1)在0~40 cm土层,滴水频次相同,随灌水定额增加土壤平均含水率逐渐增加,表现为S_(1)<S_(2)<S_(3);灌水定额相同,随滴水频次增加土壤平均含水率逐渐增加,表现为S 5>S_(4)>S_(3);CK处理土壤平均含水率显著小于各干播湿出处理。(2)0~40 cm土层,滴水频次相同,灌水定额越大灌后土壤脱盐率越高;灌水定额相同,滴水频次越少,土壤脱盐率越高;CK处理脱盐率显著大于各干播湿出处理。(3)0~40 cm土层,滴水频次相同,随灌水定额增加土壤日均温度逐渐减小,表现为S_(1)>S_(2)>S_(3);灌水定额相同,随滴水频次增加土壤日均温度逐渐降低,表现为S_(3)>S_(4)>S 5;CK处理土壤日均温度与S_(1)处理无明显差异,且显著大于其余各干播湿出处理。(4)出苗率随灌水定额的减少而升高,随滴水频次的减少而降低。各处理出苗率表现为CK≈S_(1)>S_(2)≈S 5>S_(4)>S_(3)。【结论】综合各处理土壤水盐、地温及出苗情况,S_(1)(675 m^(3)/hm(2))为最佳出苗水处理。【Objective】To determine the irrigation scheme that will be suitable for dry sowing and wet-out cotton under double-film mulching conditions.【Methods】By carrying out field experiments in Shaya County,Aksu City,Xinjiang.A total of six treatments were set:three irrigation quota treatments(S_(1):675 m^(3)/hm(2),S_(2):900 m^(3)/hm(2),S_(3):1125 m^(3)/hm(2)),two drip frequency treatments(S_(4):675 m^(3)/hm(2)+450 m^(3)/hm(2),S 5:675 m^(3)/hm(2)+300 m^(3)/hm(2)+150 m^(3)/hm(2))and one spring irrigation control treatment(CK:180 mm).And then the effects of different irrigation quotas and drip frequencies on soil water and salt transport,hydrothermal effect and seedling emergence rate were analyzed.【Results】(1)In 0-40 cm soil layer,the drip frequency was the same.With the increase of irrigation quota,the average soil moisture content gradually increased,which was S_(1)<S_(2)<S_(3);With the same irrigation quota,the average soil moisture content increased gradually with the increase of drip frequency,showing S 5>S_(4)>S_(3);The average soil moisture content of CK treatment was significantly lower than that of dry sowing and wet-out treatment.(2)In 0-40 cm soil layer,the drip frequency was the same,the larger the irrigation quota,the higher the soil desalination rate after irrigation;With the same irrigation quota,the less drip frequency,the higher soil desalination rate;The desalination rate of CK treatment was significantly higher than that of dry sowing and wet-out treatment.(3)In 0-40 cm soil layer,the drip frequency was the same.With the increase of irrigation quota,the daily average soil temperature gradually decreased,which was S_(1)>S_(2)>S_(3);With the same irrigation quota,the daily average soil temperature decreased gradually with the increase of drip frequency,showing S_(3)>S_(4)>S 5;The daily average soil temperature of CK treatment was not significantly different from that of S_(1)treatment,and was significantly higher than that of other dry sowing and wet-out treatments.(4)The emergence rate increa

关 键 词：干播湿出 双膜覆盖 灌水定额 滴水频次 出苗率 水盐运移 土壤温度 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]