阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号化学疏花疏果的效果  

Study on the effect of chemical flower and fruit thinning on aksu fuji apple Yanfu 3

作　　者：冯贝贝 梅闯[1] 王磊[1,2] 耿文娟[2] 阿孜古丽·衣该木[1] 闫鹏 王继勋[1] FENG Beibei;MEI Chuang;WANG Lei;GENG Wenjuan;Aziguli Yigaimu;YAN Peng;WANG Jixun(Institute of Horticultural Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院园艺作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学园艺学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第10期2470-2478,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部:国家现代苹果产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-27);新疆维吾尔自治区林业发展资金补助资金项目(XJLYKJ-2021-15)。

摘　　要：【目的】对比不同浓度化学疏花疏果剂对阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号的疏除效果,筛选出适合阿克苏富士苹果化学疏花疏果的浓度,为控制人工疏花疏果的成本、调控果树负载量、提高果实品质、削弱果树大小年现象提供参考。【方法】采用正交试验设计,筛选出适宜阿克苏富士苹果烟富3号疏花疏果的时期及浓度。采用智舒优花和智舒优果药剂,共设置9个处理,以清水对照,检测果实品质,分析各处理对果实品质的影响。【结果】处理F_(2)的疏除率、单双果率最高分别为46%、88%,处理F_(2)和处理F_(9)的双果以上比率最低分别为11.67%、13.17%,处理F_(9)的单果率最高为58.83%。除处理F_(1),其余处理对果实品质均无不良影响。采用人工疏花疏果需5.5个人工、费用1100元/667 m^(2),而使用化学疏花疏果剂后人工配合疏花疏果只需2个人工、费用为450~650元/667m^(2)。【结论】疏花疏果剂对富士苹果树的疏除情况明显且稳定,其中处理F_(2)疏除效果最好,处理F_(9)次之。除处理F_(1)外,剩余处理对果实品质均无不良影响。9组处理均可减少疏果人工3.5个,节约成本均在40%以上。【Objective】To compare the effect of different concentrations of flower and fruit chemical agents on Aksu Fuji apple Yanfu 3,and then screen out the concentrations of chemical thinning agents suitable for the apple in the hope of providing a reference for controling the cost of artificial flower thinning and fruit thinning,regulating the load of fruit trees,weakening the phenomenon of small and large fruit trees,and providing reference for improving the fruit quality.【Methods】The orthogonal test design was used to screen the appropriate time and concentration for flower thinning and fruit thinning of Aksu Fuji apple Yanfu 3.With the use of Zithromax Flower and Zithromax Fruit remedies,9 treatments were set up,and a water control was set up.The effect of each treatment on fruit quality was analyzed by testing the fruit quality.【Results】Treatment F_(2)had the highest rate of thinning and single and double fruit rate of 46%and 88%,respectively,while treatment F_(2)and treatment F_(9)had the lowest rate of more than double fruit of 11.67%and 13.17%,respectively,and treatment F_(9)had the highest single fruit rate of 58.83%.Except for treatment F_(1),all the treatments had no adverse effect on fruit quality.Manual thinning required 5.5 laborers at a cost of 1,100 YUAN/667 m^(2),while the use of chemical flower and fruit thinners required only 2 laborers at a cost of 450 YUAN/667 m^(2)to 650 YUAN/667 m^(2).【Conclusion】The thinners used in this study showed significant and stable thinning of Fuji apple trees,with treatment F_(2)having the best thinning effect and treatment F_(9)the second best.Except for treatment F_(1),the remaining treatments had no adverse effect on fruit quality,and all nine groups of treatments reduced the number of thinning labor by 3.5,saving more than 40%of the cost.

关 键 词：苹果 化学药剂 正交试验 疏花疏果 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]