盐碱麦田生物有机肥促生增产培肥效果  

Study on the effect of Bio-Organic fertilizer on promoting growth and increasing yield in saline alkali wheat field

作　　者：左筱筱 颜安 宁松瑞 杨利 孙萌 卢前成 ZUO Xiaoxiao;YAN An;NING Songrui;YANG Li;SUN Meng;LU Qiancheng(College of Resources and Environment Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China,Xi'an University of Technology,Xi'an 710048,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]西安理工大学/省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2023年第10期2532-2540,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项“南疆盐碱地促生生物有机肥研制技术引进与推广”(2019E0245)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同生物有机肥对盐碱胁迫春小麦生长和土壤改良培肥的效果,为盐碱地的生物有机肥施用提供理论基础。【方法】采用盆栽试验,设置9个处理:不施肥处理(CK),4种不同菌种及配比的生物有机肥(A、B、C、D),每种生物有机肥设2个施量水平(1125,2250 kg/hm^(2))。【结果】与CK相比,施用生物有机肥后春小麦LAI、SPAD、理论产量、土壤有机质和速效养分含量等均显著增加(P<0.05),其中春小麦理论产量比CK处理增加了41.85%~74.93%,0~10 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比CK提高了19.57%~66.24%、20.73%~40.12%、37.70%~75.72%和11.98%~31.12%,10~20 cm土层土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别比CK提高了19.13%~74.63%、17.38%~29.93%、21.76%~59.52%和11.98%~31.12%,且随着生物有机肥施量的增加呈上升趋势;各施肥处理与不施肥CK相比显著降低了土壤pH和电导率(P<0.05),0~10 cm土层土壤pH、电导率分别比CK降低了2.55%~5.02%、10.33%~40.51%,10~20 cm土层土壤pH、电导率分别比CK降低了1.69%~4.20%、21.3%~43.60%。各施肥处理春小麦根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量显著高于CK(P<0.05),真菌数量显著低于CK(P<0.05),根际土壤细菌和放线菌数量随生物有机肥施量的增加呈上升趋势,真菌数量呈现下降趋势。【结论】D生物有机肥(沼泽红假单胞菌∶肉桂褐链霉菌∶胶冻样芽孢杆菌∶枯草芽孢杆菌=1∶2∶2∶2)施用量为2250 kg/hm^(2)时,对盐碱土壤改良培肥和调节微生物数量结构作用效果较好,且促进了小麦生产量的提高。【Objective】To explore the effects of different biological organic fertilizers on the growth of spring wheat under saline alkali stress and soil improvement and fertilization.Which provides a theoretical basis for the application of bioorganic fertilizer in saline alkali land.【Methods】Through the pot experiment,nine treatments were set:no fertilization treatment(CK),four kinds of biological organic fertilizers with different strains and ratios(A,B,C and D).Each biological organic fertilizer was set with two application levels(1,125,2,250 kg/hm^(2)).【Results】Compared with CK,LAI,SPAD,theoretical yield,soil organic matter and available nutrient content of spring wheat increased significantly after applying bioorganic fertilizer(P<0.05).The theoretical yield of spring wheat increased by 41.85%~74.93%compared with CK,and the contents of soil organic matter,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,rapid available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-10 cm soil layer increased by 19.57%-66.24%,20.73%-40.12%,37.70%-75.72%and 11.98%-31.12%respectively compared with CK.The contents of alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 19.13%-74.63%,17.38%-29.93%,21.76%-59.52%and 11.98%-31.12%respectively compared with CK,and showed an upward trend with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application;Compared with CK without fertilization,all fertilization treatments significantly reduced the soil pH and conductivity(P<0.05).The soil pH and conductivity in 0-10 cm soil layer were 2.55%-5.02%and 10.33%-40.51%lower than those of CK respectively.The soil pH and conductivity in 10-20 cm soil layer were 1.69%-4.20%and 21.3%-43.60%lower than those of CK respectively.The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil of spring wheat was significantly higher than that of CK(P<0.05),and the number of fungi was significantly lower than that of CK(P<0.05).The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in rhizosphere soil increased with the increase of bioorganic fertilizer application,and t

关 键 词：生物有机肥 盐碱地 土壤养分 春小麦 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]