一次性采收中部6片烟叶的田间成熟特征及烤后质量研究  

Mature Characteristics of Fresh Tobacco and Quality of Cured Tobacco for One‑time Plucking of Six Middle Tobacco Leaves

作　　者：李思军 郑宏斌[2] 毕一鸣[2] 江智敏[2] 田雨农 郝贤伟[2] 章程 侯建林 吴文信 朱林 邓小华[3] LI Sijun;ZHENG Hongbin;BI Yiming;JIANG Zhimin;TIAN Yunong;HAO Xianwei;ZHANG Cheng;HOU Jianlin;WU Wenxin;ZHU Lin;DENG Xiaohua(Guiyang Branch of Hunan Chenzhou Municipal Tobacco Company,Guiyang 424400,China;China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Hangzhou 310008,China;College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司桂阳县分公司,湖南桂阳424400 [2]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,浙江杭州310008 [3]湖南农业大学农学院,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2023年第10期30-39,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：湖南省烟草公司郴州市公司项目(CZYC2021JS09);浙江中烟项目(2020330000340027)。

摘　　要：为明确一次性采收烤烟中部6片叶的适宜成熟度,以湘烟7号中部6片烟叶为试验材料,研究了低成熟度(M1,习惯采收)、中成熟度(M2,推迟7 d采收)、高成熟度(M3,推迟14 d采收)分别一次性采收中部6片烟叶的成熟特征,并对其烤后烟叶的外观质量、化学成分、评吸质量和经济性状进行了综合评价。结果表明,随成熟度提高,M2和M3处理采收的鲜烟叶SPAD值较M1处理平均分别下降6.48%和14.11%;烤后微带青烟叶比例减少,杂色烟叶比例增加,其中M2、M3处理杂色组烟叶比例较M1处理分别提高2.54、7.80百分点;化学成分以M2处理较协调;烤后烟叶外观质量、评吸质量总分以M2处理最佳;M2处理上等烟比例较M1处理提高3.29百分点,M3处理上等烟比例较M1处理降低14.01百分点;M2处理均价较M1处理提高1.01%,M3处理均价较M1处理降低10.35%。可见,烤烟一次性采收中部6片烟叶应较当地习惯采收时间推迟7 d,适宜成熟采收特征为叶面变黄1/5~1/2,主脉变白2/3至全白,支脉变白1/3以上,叶缘卷曲,茸毛部分脱落,无或少量成熟斑块,叶面褶皱,6片烟叶一次性采收的SPAD值在21.51~28.86。To clarify the suitable maturity characteristics for one‑time harvesting of flue‑cured tobacco middle leaves,Xiangyan No.7 was used as material,three harvesting time treatments of low maturity(M1,customary harvesting),medium maturity(M2,7 d delay in harvesting)and high maturity(M3,14 d delay in harvesting)were designed to carry out one‑time harvesting of six middle tobacco leaves with different maturity in Guiyang,Hunan Province.The appearance quality,chemical components,smoking quality and economic character of flue‑cured tobacco were comprehensively evaluated.The result showed that with the increase in maturity,the SPAD values of fresh tobacco leaves of Xiangyan No.7 in M2 and M3 decreased by 6.48%and 14.11%compared with M1,respectively.Greenish tobacco decreased,and variegated tobacco increased,and the variegated ratios of M2 and M3 treatments were 2.54 and 7.80 percentage points higher than that of M1 treatment,respectively.M2 was more coordinated in chemical components.The total scores of the flue‑cured tobacco appearance quality and smoking quality were the best in M2.The fine tobacco ratio in M2 treatment was 3.29 percentage points higher than that in M1 treatment,and that in M3 was 14.01 percentage points lower than that in M1 treatment.The average price of M2 treatment was 1.01%higher than that of M1 treatment,and that of M3 treatment was 10.35%lower than that of M1 treatment.The one‑time harvest of six tobacco leaves in the middle part of flue‑cured tobacco should be delayed by seven days compared with the local customary harvest.The suitable harvest mature characteristics are as follows:1/5—1/2 leaf surface turns yellow,2/3 main vein turns white to full white,1/3 or more branch vein turns white,leaf edge curls,most of the hairs fall off,no or a small amount of mature spot occurs,leaf surface wrinkles.The SPAD value for one‑time harvest of six flue‑cured tobacco leaves is 21.51—28.86.

关 键 词：烤烟 中部烟叶 一次性采收 采收成熟度 烟叶质量 湘烟7号 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]