糖尿病微血管病变动物模型研究进展  

Advances in Animal Models of Diabetic Microangiopathy

作　　者：姜帆 孙继超 武会娟 JIANG Fan;SUN Jichao;WU Huijuan(Beijing Laboratory Animal Research Center Company Limited,Beijing 102609,China)

机构地区：[1]北京实验动物研究中心有限公司,北京102609

出　　处：《医学综述》2022年第24期4922-4926,共5页Medical Recapitulate

摘　　要：糖尿病微血管病变(DMAP)是糖尿病致残、致死率最高的一类并发症,一般发生在眼睛、肾脏和周围神经系统,此外,在心肌、骨骼肌、皮肤等微血管丰富的组织中也存在发病风险。良好的DMAP动物模型是糖尿病药物筛选和药理药效研究的必备工具。但是,微血管损伤和修复是一个动态过程,不同器官的耐受程度和病变机制具有特异性,再加上基因、饮食等因素影响,不同动物模型的发病规律和部位各不相同。目前,DMAP动物模型既可通过人为手段制备诱导,也可基于自发糖尿病品系或基因编辑动物建立。各种模型在经济学、成模时间、造模机制等方面各有优劣,而更贴近DMAP各部位发病机制的动物模型还有待进一步开发。Diabetic microangiopathy(DMAP)is the most disabling and fatal complication of diabetes.The disease usually occurs in three classic target organs:the eyes,kidneys and peripheral nervous system,and there is also a risk in tissues rich in microvessels such as myocardium,skeletal muscle and skin.Good DMAP animal models are necessary tools for drug screening and pharmacological efficacy evaluation in diabetes.However,microvascular injury and repair is a dynamic process,and the tolerance degree and pathological mechanism of different organs are specific.In addition,with the influence of various factors such as genes and diet,the pattern and location of pathogenesis are often different in different animal models.At present,DMAP animal models have both induced models prepared by artificial means,and inherited models built based on spontaneous diabetic lines or gene-edited animals.Each model has its own advantages and disadvantages in terms of economy,modeling time,modeling mechanism and so on,while animal models that are closer to the pathogenesis of each part of DMAP need to be further explored and developed.

关 键 词：糖尿病微血管病变 动物模型 视网膜病变 肾病 周围神经病变 

分 类 号：Q95-331[生物学—动物学]