人参皂苷Rg1抗阿尔茨海默病核心病理产物Aβ的作用机制研究进展  

Research Progress on the Mechanism of Action of Rg1 against Core Pathological Product Aβin Alzheimer′s Disease

作　　者：权乾坤[1] 李玺[1] 袁海峰[2] QUAN Qiankun;LI Xi;YUAN Haifeng(Department of Geriatrics,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710004,China;Department of Rehabilitation,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University,Xi′an 710004,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学第二附属医院老年病科,西安710004 [2]西安交通大学第二附属医院康复科,西安710004

出　　处：《医学综述》2023年第5期865-870,共6页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2021JM-288)。

摘　　要：脑内β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ)沉积是阿尔茨海默病(AD)最显著的病理特征之一,在AD发病中起关键作用。人参为五加科植物人参干燥的根,具有“开心益智”的功效,人参皂苷Rg1是其主要成分之一,在AD中具有神经保护作用。人参皂苷Rg1可通过抑制β淀粉样前体蛋白裂解酶1的表达影响β淀粉样前体蛋白(APP)剪切以及通过促进α分泌酶对APP分解减少Aβ生成,还可通过上调胰岛素降解酶及脑啡肽酶的表达促进Aβ降解。此外,人参皂苷Rg1亦可对抗Aβ神经毒性,如改善Aβ导致的认知功能障碍、神经元凋亡、线粒体异常、脑内乙酰胆碱水平降低、神经炎症、氧化应激等。因此,未来应进一步深入研究人参皂苷Rg1在AD中的作用机制,为疾病的治疗提供新思路。β-amyloid(Aβ)deposition in the brain is one of the most prominent pathological changes of Alzheimer′s disease(AD)and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD.Ginseng is the dried root of Panax ginseng,which has the effect of improving intelligence.Ginsenoside Rg1,one of the primary components of ginseng,has multiple neuroprotective effects against AD.Ginsenoside Rg1 can reduce Aβgeneration by inhibiting amyloid precursor protein(APP)shearing through downregulating the expression ofβ-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 cleavage enzyme 1 and by promoting APP decomposing induced byαsecretase,and ginsenoside Rg1 can also promote Aβdegradation by upregulating the expressions of insulin-degrading enzyme and enkephalinase.Furthermore,ginsenoside Rg1 can combat Aβneurotoxicity,such as improving Aβ-induced cognitive dysfunction,neuronal apoptosis,mitochondrial abnormalities,decreased acetylcholine level in the brain,neuroinflammation,oxidative stress,etc.Therefore,the mechanisms of ginsenoside Rg1 against AD should be further studied to provide new ideas for AD treatment.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 人参皂苷RG1 Β淀粉样蛋白 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]