中美技术竞争与中国周边经济秩序变革——以中水平技术优势塑造中国周边经济结构  

Sino-US Technological Competition and the Transformation of China's Peripheral Economic Order:Shaping China's Peripheral Economic Structure with Medium-Level Technology Superiority

作　　者：高程[1,2] 薛琳 Gao Cheng;Xue Lin(School of International Politics and Economics of the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;Institute of Latin American Studies,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学国际政治经济学院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所,北京102488

出　　处：《世界经济与政治》2023年第10期16-43,156,157,共30页World Economics and Politics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(项目批准号:22VRC089)的研究成果。

摘　　要：中美技术竞争是中美战略博弈的重要表现,中美技术竞争的核心不仅在于谁的技术更前沿,更在于谁能运用现有技术开拓更广阔和更为纵深的市场,对更多国家辐射更大影响力,从而在新一轮全球产业价值链重塑中占据优势地位。中美在前沿技术领域的竞争主要集中在发达国家市场,这是中国的相对短板;而在广大发展中国家市场,成本更低、性价比更好和适用性更强的中水平技术具有更广阔的发展空间,这是中国的相对优势所在。作者由此建立了一个大国技术竞争的分析框架,重点围绕技术后发国家与技术先发国家在技术落后国家的竞争逻辑和大国利用技术手段塑造周边经济秩序的一般路径,从技术适应性和技术竞争优势两个维度分析中国能够在周边地区与美国的技术竞争取得成功的原因:中国在周边地区有效利用了中水平技术优势,通过技术投资优化区域产业价值结构,并利用技术出口优化区域经济发展环境,在与美国的技术竞争取得了一定优势,逐渐提升了在周边经济秩序构造中的战略地位。运用华为公司依靠竞争优势开拓泰国市场和中国在周边布局铁路技术以改善周边经济发展环境两个案例对上述框架进行实证检验,可以发现中国正着力发挥中水平技术优势扩展周边市场,并以此逐步健全一个相对自主的中国-周边产业链、完善周边经济发展环境,这是中国借助技术手段重塑周边经济秩序、塑造周边战略的关键。Sino-US competition is a significant embodiment of the strategic competition between the two great powers.This paper argues that the core of the tech competition between China and US is not only who can obtain the more cutting-edge technologies,but also who can use the existing technology to obtain a broader and more in-depth market and form a greater influence on more countries,thus occupying a dominant position in the new global industrial value chain remodelling round.The competition between China and the US in frontier technologies is mainly concentrated in the markets of developed countries,which is China's relative weakness.However,in the vast markets of developing countries,there is more room for the development of medium-level technologies with lower cost,better cost performance and greater applicability,which is China's comparative advantage.This paper establishes an analytical framework of great power technological competition,focusing on the general competition logic between the technological latercomers and the first-mover countries in the technologically backward countries and the general path of great power using technological means to shape the surrounding economic order.Then it analyzes the reasons for China's achievements in technological competition with US through"optimizing regional industrial value structure with technology investment"and"optimizing regional economic development environment with technology export"by taking advantage of medium-level technological advantages in its neighbouring areas,and gradually realizing the promotion of the strategic position in the shaping of the surrounding economic order.This paper empirically tests the above framework through the following two cases.The first is that Huawei wins the Thai market by relying on competitive advantages,and the second is that China improves the surrounding economic development environment by laying out railway technology in the surrounding area.This study concludes that the key for China to reshape the economic order and shap

关 键 词：中美技术竞争 中水平技术 周边经济秩序 中国周边战略 技术转移 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]