基于蒙特卡罗模拟的探伤误照器官剂量计算  

Monte Carlo simulation-based dose calculation for organs under accidental radiation exposure in flaw detection

作　　者：张震 武祯[2] 梁婧 ZHANG Zhen;WU Zhen;LIANG Jing(National Center for Occupational Safety and Health,NHC,NHC Key Laboratory for Engineering Control of Dust Hazard,Beijing 102308 China;Department of Engineering Physics,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084 China)

机构地区：[1]国家卫生健康委职业安全卫生研究中心,国家卫生健康委粉尘危害工程防护重点实验室,北京102308 [2]清华大学工程物理系,北京100084

出　　处：《中国辐射卫生》2023年第4期365-371,379,共8页Chinese Journal of Radiological Health

摘　　要：目的计算人员受3种X射线机和2种γ放射源误照射情况下的器官剂量及其剂量转换系数,为事故剂量快速估算提供简便方法。方法在FLUKA模拟软件中构建X射线机和2种γ放射源的辐射源模型并导入中国参考人体素模型,模拟计算人员在距源项1 m处受由前向后照射时的器官吸收剂量、器官吸收剂量与空气比释动能的剂量转换系数和器官吸收剂量与辐射源的转换系数。结果对肺、心脏、肌肉和软组织、肝脏、皮肤和大脑的吸收剂量与空气比释动能的转换系数范围为0.30~1.19(Gy/Gy);对X射线机,这6个器官的吸收剂量与输出量的转换系数范围为6.12×10^(-3)~2.90×10^(-2)Gy·m^(2)/(mA·min);对γ放射源,6个器官吸收剂量与活度的转换系数范围为1.12×10^(-8)~7.01×10^(-8)Gy·m^(2)/(GBq·s)。结论器官吸收剂量与空气比释动能的转换系数和器官吸收剂量与探伤机输出量或活度的转换系数可为快速评估类似辐射事故提供重要的剂量学参数。Objective To calculate the doses and their dose conversion coefficients for the personnel whose organs were under accidental exposure to three types of X-ray machines and twoγradiation sources,and to provide a simple method for rapid estimation of accidental doses.Methods The radiation source models of X-ray machines and twoγsources were established with the FLUKA simulation software and a Chinese reference voxel phantom was imported.The organ absorbed dose,dose conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and air Kerma,and conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and radiation source were calculated for a simulated scenario where the personnel were under antero-posterior exposure to radiation sources 1 meter away.Results For the lungs,heart,muscles,soft tissue,liver,skin,and brain,the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and air Kerma was 0.30-1.19(Gy/Gy).For X-ray machines,the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and output for the six organs ranged from 6.12×10^(-3)to 2.90×10^(-2)Gy·m^(2)/(mA·min).Forγradiation sources,the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and activity for the six organs ranged from 1.12×10^(-8)to 7.01×10^(-8)Gy·m^(2)/(GBq·s).Conclusion The conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and air Kerma and the conversion coefficient between organ absorbed dose and output or activity of a flaw detector can provide important dosimetric parameters for rapid assessment of similar radiation accidents.

关 键 词：X射线机 γ放射源 体素模型 吸收剂量 

分 类 号：R144.1[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]