叙事话语与权力网络的历史互构——美国对华奥运政治叙事体系的形成与演进(1993-2022)  

The Historical Inter-construction of Discourse and Power Network:The Formation and Evolution of American Political Narrative against China's Host for the Olympic Games(1993-2022)

作　　者：李沁[1,2,3] 刘入豪 塔娜 Li Qin;Liu Ruhao;Ta Na

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学新闻与社会发展研究中心国家传播战略研究所 [2]中国人民大学国家传播战略研究中心 [3]中国人民大学新闻学院

出　　处：《新闻与传播研究》2023年第9期38-56,127,共20页Journalism & Communication

基　　金：国家社科基金“人类命运共同体视域下的全球传播秩序重建研究”(项目编号:19BXW092)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：政治叙事作为体系化的政治传播,在政治竞争中与权力互动而建构。中国申办奥运30年历程中,美国对华奥运议程展开持续针对性的国际政治传播,国会立法是其重要手段。该研究开拓性地对国会为主体的政治叙事进行由表及里的交叉分析,在历史维度比对叙事表象的“语义内容网络”与背后的“政治权力网络”。研究发现,过去30年美国逐渐形成一套以对华竞争战略为依托,叙事价值、议题与修辞框架连贯的多层次对华奥运政治叙事体系;在叙事体系的权力关系方面两党形成了主体更迭、议题竞合的对华负面叙事行动网络。叙事体系的话语内容与权力关系交互建构,统一于叙事体系的历史演进逻辑。对华奥运政治叙事从属于后冷战时代美国对华政治传播的实践体系,呈现出历史演进中的逻辑惯性,亦暴露出现实解构中的错位特征,映射出叙事体系背后利益竞争、霸权固守的政治惯习。Political narrative,as a systematic form of political communication,is constructed on the interaction between political competition and power.During the 30-year effort by China to host the Olympic Games,the United States conducted targeted international political communication,with congressional legislation as an important tool.Focusing on the political narratives expressed by the United States Congress,this study compares the semantic network of narrative representation with the underlying political power network in the historical dimension.It found that a multi-layered political narrative system on China's bid and host gradually formed over the past 30 years.It was based on its competitive strategy towards China,with coherent narrative values,issues,and rhetorical frameworks.In terms of power network,the two political parties in the US have formed a network of negative narrative actions against China with changing subjects and converging issues.The discourse content and the power relations of the narrative system are interactively constructed and unified in a historical evolution logic.The political narrative on China's host is part of a broader US political communication towards China in the post-Cold War era,exhibiting historical inertia,political habits of interest competition,and hegemonic persistence.This study attempts to change the previous flat construction of the narrative framework of political communication and offers a historical and holistic perspective.

关 键 词：国际政治传播 政治叙事 奥运 权力关系网络 沉浸传播 全球传播秩序 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学] D822.371.2[政治法律—政治学]