境外人员流入与出口质量——缓解贸易“柠檬市场”  

Inflow of Foreign Personnel and the Quality of Exports:Easing the Trade“Lemon Market”

作　　者：施炳展[1,2,3] 熊治 廖秋娴 SHI Bingzhan;XIONG Zhi;LIAO Qiuxian(Institute of International Economics,School of Economics,Nankai University;Center for Transnationals’Studies,Nankai University;Digital Economy Interdisciplinary Science Center,Nankai University;Economic Behavior and Policy Simulation Laboratory,Nankai University)

机构地区：[1]南开大学跨国公司研究中心 [2]南开大学数字经济交叉科学中心 [3]南开大学经济行为与政策模拟实验室 [4]南开大学经济学院国际经济研究所

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2023年第11期51-72,共22页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD069);国家自然科学基金面上项目(71973071);国家自然科学基金面上项目(72073075);中宣部宣传思想文化青年英才项目的联合资助。

摘　　要：出口质量低端锁定与供给能力不断提升相悖,预示着中国出口产品质量可能陷入“柠檬市场”困境。人员面对面接触是解决信息不对称最有效的方式,为此本文从消费侧角度探究境外人员流入对中国出口产品质量的影响及作用机制。理论上,与消费侧境外人员间的信息不对称会使得出口企业面临“柠檬市场”问题,此时技术进步将无法促进产品质量升级。实证上,使用世界旅游组织最新提供的157个来源地入境中国的人次数据给出经验证据,构建工具变量解决内生性问题。研究发现,境外人员流入有助于企业提高出口产品质量,对私有企业、多产品企业、发展中经济体、最终品和高技术产品的贸易质量有更强影响;通过缓解“柠檬市场”问题和降低违约风险实现这一促进作用,且在中国各区域间存在信息溢出效应。本文的政策含义是合理扩大境外人员入境水平是降低信息鸿沟、促进出口产品质量升级的有效途径。As the largest developing economy,China has made great efforts to upgrade product quality.In recent years,China’s research and development(R&D)input and output,including the number of patent applications and scientific research papers,have ranked among the top in the world,and its innovation capacity has developed rapidly.In fact,there is a“low-end locking”phenomenon in the quality of China’s export products.From the horizontal country dimension,the quality of China’s export products has been at the end of the global quality ladder.From the vertical time dimension,the quality of China’s export products has not had significant improvement since its accession to the World Trade Organization(WTO)and has even had a downward trend in some years.The low-end lock of export quality is contrary to the continuous improvement of supply capacity,indicating that the quality of China’s export products may fall into the“lemon market”dilemma.It is mainly reflected in the cognitive barriers of overseas personnel to the quality of Chinese products,and the purchase decision depends on consumption experience and product reputation.For a long time,China has pursued the export-oriented strategy of prioritizing the export of low-quality and low-cost products and gradually shifting to high-quality and high-value products,which has led to the poor overall impression of overseas people on the quality of Chinese products.For example,the 2015 Global Survey Report on China’s National Image reveals that up to 71%of the respondents of G20 member countries lack a basic understanding of China;60%of the respondents have concerns about the quality of Chinese products before buying;and even 37%of the respondents have food safety concerns.Face-to-face contact is the most effective way to solve the information asymmetry problem.Thus,this study explores the impact and mechanism of the inflow of overseas personnel on the quality of China’s export products from the perspective of consumption.In theory,the information asymmetry betw

关 键 词：柠檬市场 信息不对称 境外人员流入 出口产品质量 

分 类 号：F260[经济管理—国民经济]